Bolest štitnjače u trudnoći

master's thesis

• Title (english): Thyroid disease in pregnancy
• Author: Lucija Ercegovac
• Mentor: Maja Baretić (mentor)
• Committee member: Vesna Elveđi-Gašparović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivana Vuković Brinar (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Baretić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract

Bolesti štitnjače su uz šećernu bolest najčešće endokrine bolesti u općoj populaciji. S obzirom na to da su bolesti štitnjače daleko učestalije kod žena, njihova je prevalencija u trudnoći značajna. Kako sami hormoni štitnjače imaju važnu ulogu u rastu i razvoju fetusa, tijekom trudnoće treba obratiti posebnu pažnju na bolesti štitnjače. Fetalna štitnjača ne proizvodi dovoljne količine hormona do drugog tromjesečja i fetus je ovisan o majčinim hormonima te njezin hormonski status direktno utječe na plod. Kako bi se spriječili nepovoljni ishodi trudnoće nužno je na vrijeme otkriti i pratiti bolest štitnjače u trudnoći. Najučestalija bolest štitnjače u trudnoći je hipotireoza čiji je najčešći uzrok autoimuni tireoiditis, a po učestalosti je slijedi hipertireoza također autoimune naravi. Pri liječenju poremećaja štitnjače u trudnoći nužni su češći kontrolni pregledi i prilagodba terapije; u hipotireozi uvođenje i/ili povećanje doze levotiroksina, a u hipertireozi najmanja djelotvorna doza tireostatika. Nodozne promjene štitnjače koje se dijagnosticiraju u trudnoći su u većini slučajeva benigne. Liječenje malignih promjena najčešće se odgađa do postpartalnog razdoblja zbog njihovog sporog rasta, a ako je neminovan operativni zahvat za njega se odlučuje u drugom trimestru. Sveobuhvatna skrb o trudnicama s bolestima štitnjače ključna je za zdravlje i majke i djeteta. Redoviti pregledi i prilagođena terapija mogu značajno smanjiti rizike i osigurati pozitivan ishod trudnoće.

Abstract (english)

Thyroid diseases, along with diabetes, are the most common endocrine disorders. Given that thyroid diseases are significantly more common in women, their prevalence during pregnancy is notable. Since thyroid hormones play a crucial role in the growth and development of the fetus, special attention should be paid to thyroid diseases during pregnancy. The fetal thyroid does not produce sufficient hormones until the second trimester, making the fetus dependent on the mother's hormones; her hormonal status directly affects the fetus. To prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes, it is essential to timely detect and monitor thyroid disease during pregnancy. The most common thyroid disease during pregnancy is hypothyroidism, mostly caused by autoimmune thyroiditis, followed by hyperthyroidism, also of autoimmune nature. Treating thyroid disorders during pregnancy requires frequent check-ups and therapy adjustments; in hypothyroidism, this involves the introduction and/or increase of levothyroxine dosage, while in hyperthyroidism, the lowest effective dose of thyreostatic drug. Nodular changes in the thyroid diagnosed during pregnancy are mostly benign. Surgical treatment of malignancy is usually postponed until the postpartum period due to their slow growth. If surgery is unavoidable, it is scheduled for the second trimester. Comprehensive care for pregnant women with thyroid diseases is crucial for the health of both the mother and the child. Regular check-ups and tailored therapy ensure a positive pregnancy outcomes.

• Keywords: bolest štitnjače; trudnoća; hipotireoza; hipertireoza; nodozna struma
• Keywords (english): hypothyroidism; hyperthyroidism; nodular goiter; pregnancy; thyroid disease
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:455446
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-07-02 08:52:51