Procijepljenost imunokompromitiranih bolesnika protiv infektivnih bolesti

master's thesis

• Title (english): Vaccination of immunocompromised patients against infectious diseases
• Author: Mark Mišolić
• Mentor: Rok Čivljak (mentor)
• Committee member: Mirjana Kujundžić Tiljak (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Goran Tešović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Rok Čivljak (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Infectious Diseases); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Infectology

Abstract

Imunokompromitirane osobe imaju veći rizik akviriranja te razvoja težih kliničkih oblika zaraznih bolesti od imunokompetentnih osoba.
Primarne imunodeficijencije su rijetke, dok se sekundarne češće javljaju, pogotovo kod bolesnika sa šećernom bolešću, bolesnika s HIV/AIDS-om, malignim bolestima, a s napretkom medicine i kod bolesnika sa presadcima organa. U skupinu imunokomprimitiranih ubrajaju se i osobe starije životne dobi.
Cijepljenje se tim bolesnicima nudi kao jednostavna i jeftina metoda prevencije zaraznih bolesti. Iako imunokompromitirani bolesnici u prosjeku slabije reagiraju na cijepiva od imunokompetentnih pojedinaca, većina ih ipak razvije dostatni imunološki odgovor koji sprječava rizik obolijevanja i razvoja težih kliničkih oblika bolesti.
Američki Centri za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti (CDC, od engl. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) izdaju preporuke za cijepljenje imunokomporomitiranih osoba koje su sveobuhvatne te ih slijede mnoge države. U Hrvatskoj, uz obvezni kalendar cijepljenja, Ministarstvo zdravstva izdaje i Trogodišnji plan imunizacije, seroprofilakse i kemoprofilakse za posebne skupine stanovništva i pojedince pod povećanim rizikom.
Procijepljenost imunokompromitiranih bolesnika često je bila nezadovoljavajuća. Nekoliko značajnih čimbenika, kao starija dob, te druge dodatne indikacije su povisile procijepljenost.
Nedostatna komunikacija između zdravstvenog sustava i pacijenata je ipak ključna. Zdravstveni djelatnici često sami zaborave informirati pacijente o cijepljenju, te ih savjetovati o sigurnosti, efikasnosti i važnosti samog postupka. Dodatni alati, kao što su elektronički registri imunokompromitiranih bolesnika te podsjetnici istih o cijepljenju, mogli bi dodatno pozitivno djelovati na stopu procijepljenosti imunokomporomitiranih osoba.

Abstract (english)

Immunocompromised persons have a higher risk of acquiring and developing severe clinical forms of infectious diseases than immunocompetent persons.
Primary immunodeficiencies are rare, while secondary ones occur more often, especially in patients with diabetes, HIV/AIDS, malignant diseases, and with the progress of medicine, also in patients with organ transplants. Elderly people are also included in the immunocompromised group.
Vaccination is offered to these patients as a simple and inexpensive method of preventing infectious diseases. Although immunocompromised patients on average react less well to vaccines than immunocompetent individuals, most of them still develop a sufficient immune response that prevents the risk of getting sick and developing more severe clinical forms of the disease.
The American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issue recommendations for vaccination of immunocompromised persons, which are comprehensive and are followed by many countries. In Croatia, in addition to the mandatory vaccination calendar, the Ministry of Health also issues a three-year plan for immunization, seroprophylaxis and chemoprophylaxis for special population groups and individuals at increased risk.
Vaccination of immunocompromised patients was often unsatisfactory. Several significant factors, such as older age, and other additional indications have increased vaccination rates.
Lack of communication between the health system and patients is nevertheless crucial. Health workers often forget to inform patients about vaccination and advise them about the safety, efficiency and importance of the procedure itself. Additional tools, such as electronic registers of immunocompromised patients and vaccination reminders, could have an additional positive effect on the vaccination rate of immunocompromised persons.

• Keywords: imunokompromitiranost; zarazne bolesti; procijepljenost
• Keywords (english): immunocompromised; infectious diseases; vaccination
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:073953
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-07-02 16:18:20