Mekotkivni sarkomi dječje dobi

master's thesis

• Title (english): Soft tissue sarcomas in children
• Author: Marija Pavlović
• Mentor: Ernest Bilić (mentor)
• Committee member: Daniel Dilber (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marija Jelušić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ernest Bilić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Pediatrics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Pediatrics

Abstract

Mekotkivni sarkomi su rijetka pojava u dječjoj dobi. To su tumori mezenhimalnog
podrijetla, a najčešće se javlja rabdomiosarkom. Još nije utvrđeno postoji li povezanost
tumora s izloženošću okolišnim čimbenicima. Većinom se prezentiraju novonastalom tvorbom
u bilo kojem dijelu tijela koja se može naći slučajnim pregledom ili ispadom funkcije
zahvaćenog organa ili dijela tijela. Od dijagnostičkih metoda, osim anamneze i fizikalnog
statusa najvažnije su laboratorijska dijagnostika i slikovne metode (ultrazvuk, CT, MR, PET-
CT). Dijagnostika služi i razlikovanju malignih od benignih tumora te neneoplastičnih
promjena. Najčešće korištena metoda liječenja je kirurška resekcija. Ovisno o stadiju i vrsti
tumora mogu se koristiti kemoterapija te radioterapija. Rabdomiosarkomi se pokušavaju
liječiti i imunoterapijom, te ciljanom terapijom koja djeluje na mutacije koje tumor pokazuje.
Napredak terapijskih metoda povećao je i preživljenje. Uspjeh terapije i preživljenje su veći
ako se tumor otkrije u ranijoj fazi i ako ima povoljan histološkom tip. Preživljenje kod
rabdomiosarkoma niskog stupnja zloćudnosti iznosi oko 90%, a intermedijarnog stupnja do
70%. Nažalost bolesnici s rabdomiosarkomima visokog stupnja malignosti preživljavaju
svega oko 30%, taj podatak upućuje na važnost ranog postavljanja dijagnoze i što ranijeg
početka liječenja.

Abstract (english)

Soft tissue sarcomas are rare in the pediatric population, but their importance is
heightened due to the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges they present. These are tumors of
mesenchymal origin. Among malignant types, rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common. So
far, no exact correlation has been established between these tumors and exposure to
environmental factors. They generally present as a newly developed mass in any part of the
body, which may be discovered incidentally during an examination or due to dysfunction of
the affected organ or body part. Diagnostic methods include medical history, physical
examination, laboratory diagnostics, and imaging methods (ultrasound, CT, MRI, PET-CT).
Diagnostics also serve to differentiate malignant from benign tumors and non-neoplastic
changes. The most commonly used treatment method for this type of tumor is surgical
resection. Depending on the stage and type of tumor, additional methods such as
chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be used. New therapeutic methods for
rhabdomyosarcomas are being developed, including immunotherapy and target cell therapy
against specific mutations found in the tumor but not in healthy tissue. Advances in therapy
have also increased survival rates. The success of therapy and long-term survival are greater
when the tumor is detected at an earlier stage and also depend on the histological type of the
tumor. Overall survival for low-grade rhabdomyosarcoma is up to 90%, for
intermediate-grade up to 70%, and for high-grade rhabdomyosarcomas up to 30%,
highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

• Keywords: mekotkivni sarkomi; rabdomiosarkom; djeca; dijagnostika; terapija
• Keywords (english): soft tissue sarcoma; rhabdomyosarcoma; children; diagnostics; therapy
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:928337
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-07-06 15:53:32