Novosti u karcinogenezi karcinoma želuca

master's thesis

• Title (english): Update in gastric cancer carcinogenesis
• Author: Luka Radošević
• Mentor: Neven Baršić (mentor)
• Committee member: Lucija Virović Jukić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Martina Lovrić Benčić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Neven Baršić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract

Rak želuca je nekoć bio drugi najčešći rak u svijetu, no stope incidencije su značajno smanjene zahvaljujući poboljšanim sanitarnim uvjetima, upotrebi antibiotika i povećanoj konzumaciji svježeg voća i povrća. Unatoč tome, rak želuca ostaje izazovan za liječenje u zapadnim zemljama gdje se često dijagnosticira u uznapredovaloj fazi. Glavna zapažanja rada uključuju identificiranje ključnih genetskih mutacija poput TP53, CDH1 i PIK3CA, koje igraju ključnu ulogu u razvoju i progresiji karcinoma želuca. Autor također ističe važnost epigenetskih promjena poput metilacije DNA i modifikacija histona koje doprinose deregulaciji gena bitnih za staničnu proliferaciju i preživljavanje. Uloga signalnih putova kao što su Wnt/beta-kateninski i Hedgehog također je značajna u regulaciji staničnih procesa poput proliferacije, diferencijacije i apoptoze. Mikrookolina tumora, uključujući mikrobiom i imunosne stanice, također ima važnu ulogu u progresiji bolesti, gdje kronična upala uzrokovana infekcijom bakterijom H. pylori može dovesti do oštećenja stanica i genetskih mutacija. Autor naglašava da unatoč napretku u razumijevanju molekularnih mehanizama, rak želuca ostaje izazov za liječenje. Poboljšanja u terapijskim pristupima, uključujući ciljane terapije i imunoterapiju, te daljnje istraživanje genetskih i epigenetskih promjena ključni su za unapređenje liječenja i prognoze pacijenata s ovom bolešću.

Abstract (english)

Gastric cancer was once the second most common cancer in the world, but the incidence rates have significantly decreased due to improved sanitary conditions, the use of antibiotics and increased consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables. Nevertheless, gastric cancer remains challenging to treat in Western countries where it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. The main findings of the study include the identification of key genetic mutations such as TP53, CDH1, and PIK3CA, which play a crucial role in the development and progression of gastric cancer. The author also emphasizes the importance of epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications that contribute to the deregulation of genes essential for cell proliferation and survival. The role of signaling pathways like Wnt/beta-catenin and Hedgehog is also significant in regulating cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The tumor microenvironment, including the microbiome and immune cells, also plays an important role in disease progression, where chronic inflammation caused by H. pylori infection can lead to cell damage and genetic mutations. The author highlights that despite advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms, gastric cancer remains a challenge to treat. Improvements in therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapies and immunotherapy, as well as further research into genetic and epigenetic changes, are crucial for improving the treatment and prognosis of patients with this disease.

• Keywords: karcinom želuca; TP53; CDH1; PIK3CA; hedgehod; notch; wnt/beta
• Keywords (english): gastric cancer; TP53; CDH1; PIK3CA; Hedgehog; Notch; Wnt/beta
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:456961
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-09-02 11:51:13