Usporedba razlike anatomije, fiziologije i patologije između srca u muškarca i žene

master's thesis

• Title (english): A comparison of the differences in anatomy, physiology and pathology between the male and the female heart
• Author: Laura Rudelj
• Mentor: Jure Samardžić (mentor)
• Committee member: Vedran Velagić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Martina Lovrić Benčić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jure Samardžić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract

Bolesti srca i krvnih žila vrlo su prevalentne i vodeći su uzrok smrtnosti, kako na globalnoj razini, tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Ovaj pregledni rad prikazuje detaljno aktualne spoznaje u razlikama u anatomiji i fiziologiji funkcije srca te najčešćoj kardiovaskularnoj patologiji između muškaraca i žena. Iako naizgled identična, muška i ženska srca se u mnogome razlikuju.
Iako još nedovoljno istražene, razlike između spolova odgovorne su u konačnici za potencijalno različite pojavnosti kardiovaskularnih stanja i bolesti, njihovu drugačiju manifestaciju, odgovor na terapiju i pristup liječenju. Ženska srca su na primjer, manjih šupljina, tanjih stijenki, manjeg udarnog volumena, veće frekvencije srca, duljeg QT intervala u elektrokardiogramu. Žene kasnije manifestiraju aterosklerotsku bolest srca zbog zaštitnog učinka estrogena. Žene su
sklonije atipičnim prezentacijama u akutnom koronarnom sindromu što može dovesti do odgode u adekvatnom liječenju. Češće imaju zatajivanje srca s očuvanom ejekcijskom frakcijom, mikrovaskularnu bolest koronarnih arterija ili Takotsubo kardiomiopatiju, dok muškarci imaju češće zatajivanje srca s reduciranom sistoličkom funkcijom i makrovaskularnu koronarnu bolest. Većina znanja o etiologiji, kliničkoj slici i liječenju kardiovaskularnih bolesti proizlazi iz istraživanja koja su desetljećima provođena na skupinama koje su većinom činili ispitanici muškog spola. Unatoč velikom opsegu postojeće literature o razlikama u kardiovaskularnom zdravlju i bolesti, javlja se potreba za dodatnim istraživanjima, kako bi bile smanjene diskrepancije u pristupu i ishodima liječena kod muškaraca i žena.

Abstract (english)

Cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent and the leading cause of mortality, both globally and in Croatia. This review article provides a detailed overview of the current knowledge regarding differences in the anatomy and physiology of the heart, as well as the most common cardiovascular pathologies between men and women. Although seemingly identical, male and female hearts differ in many aspects. Although not yet thoroughly researched, gender differences ultimately contribute to potentially distinct occurrences of cardiovascular conditions and diseases, their varying manifestations, responses to therapy, and treatment approaches. For instance, female hearts have smaller cavities, thinner walls, lower stroke volume, higher heart rate, and a longer QT interval on the electrocardiogram. Women manifest atherosclerotic heart disease later due to the protective effects of estrogen. Women are more prone to atypical presentations in acute coronary syndrome, which may lead to delays in appropriate treatment. They are more likely to experience heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, microvascular coronary artery disease, or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, whereas men more frequently suffer from heart failure with reduced systolic function and macrovascular coronary disease. Most of the knowledge regarding the etiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases stems from research conducted over decades, predominantly on male participants. Despite the extensive existing literature on gender differences in cardiovascular health and disease, there is a need for further research to reduce discrepancies in the approach and outcomes of treatment between men and women.

• Keywords: struktura srca; fiziologija srca; kardiovaskularne bolesti; spolne razlike
• Keywords (english): heart structure; heart physiology; cardiovascular diseases; gender differences
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:527409
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-09-09 17:30:03