Are treatment options used for adult-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (equally) available and effective for children and adolescents?

Scientific paper - Review paper

• Author: Nevena Krnić
• Author: Vibor Šeša
• Author: Anna Mrzljak
• Author: Maja Cigrovski Berković
• Author's institution: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine)
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract (english)

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), influenced by an increase in obesity, is a rising problem worldwide. Pathophysiological mechanisms of this early-onset T2DM include both peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance, along with increased hepatic fasting glucose production accompanied by inadequate first and second-phase insulin secretion. Moreover, the incretin effect is reduced. The initial presentation of type 2 diabetes can be dramatic and symptoms may overlap with those of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, immediate therapy should address hyperglycemia and associated metabolic derangements irrespective of ultimate diabetes type, while further therapy adjustments are prone to patients’ phenotype. New agents with proven glycemic and beyond glycemia benefits, such as Glucagon-like polypeptide 1 receptor agonists and Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, used in the adult population of T2DM patients, might become increasingly important in the treatment armamentarium. Moreover, metabolic surgery is an option for markedly obese (body mass index > 35 kg/m2) children and adolescents suffering from T2DM who have uncontrolled glycemia and/or serious comorbidities when lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions fail. In this mini-review, we will discuss the potential of treatment options considering new data available from randomized control trials, including individuals with adult-onset type diabetes mellitus.

• Keywords (english): Complications; Extra-glycemic benefit; Glucose lowering agents; Treatment; Youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Language: english
• Publication type: Scientific paper - Review paper
• Publication status: Published
• Peer review: Peer review
• Publication version: Published version
• Journal title: World Journal of Diabetes
• Numbering: vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 623-628
• p-ISSN: 1948-9358
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i4.623
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:908337
• Publication: 2024-04-15
• Document URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v15/i4/623.htm
• Type of resource: Text
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2025-02-20 09:00:31