Fizikalne pojave u primjeni kratkovalne i mikrovalne dijatermije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Physical phenomena in the application of short-wave and microwave diathermy
• Author: Ognjen Gradinšćak
• Mentor: Sanja Dolanski-Babić (mentor)
• Committee member: Maja Balarin (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Porin Perić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sanja Dolanski-Babić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Physics and Biophysics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract

Svaki uređaj koji proizvodi električnu energiju stvara električno i magnetsko polje. Ovisno o
kemijskom sastavu tkiva ovisi je li će tkivo apsorbirati više energije električnog ili magnetskog
polja. Masno tkivo je izolator i zbog toga daje jaki otpor prolasku električne struje, te će zbog
toga doći do porasta temperature u tkivu. S druge strane, masno tkivo je propusnije
magnetskom polju. Ukoliko se tkiva koja sadržavaju puno elektrolita izlože
visokofrekventnom magnetskom polju, dolazi do vibriranja molekula tkiva, što dovodi do
zagrijavanja tkiva. Dakle, apsorpcija energije električnog i magnetskog polja dovodi do
povišenja temperature tkiva, što pak uzrokuje poboljšanje cirkulacije, opuštanje mišića i
ublažavanje boli. Također, ubrzava se metabolizam, kao difuzija iona kroz staničnu
membranu.
Uređaji za kratkovalnu dijatermiju koriste dvije ploče kondenzatora, koje se stavljaju s obje
strane dijela tijela koje se liječi. Alternativno, mogu se koristiti i indukcijske zavojnice.
Elektromagnetski valovi, prolazeći kroz tkivo, dovode do zagrijavanja. Stupanj zagrijavanja i
dubina penetracije ovise o fizikalnim svojstvima tkiva.
Smatra se da je mikrovalna dijatermija najlakša za uporabu. Fiziološki učinci su slični kao
kod kratkovalne dijatermije, ali mikrovalovi imaju malu dubinu prodiranja u tkivo. Mikrovalovi
mogu uzrokovati hipertermiju u tkivu, koja posljedično dovodi do porasta temperature tkiva
na vrijednosti između 41 °C i 45 °C, što pak ublažava bol.

Abstract (english)

Each device that produces electric current produces both electric and magnetic field. Tissues
will absorb more energy of electric or magnetic field, depending on chemical composition of
tissue. Adipose tissue is an insulator and because of that it resists to electric current. This
resistance will cause temperature rise of tissue. Adipose tissue offers no resistance to the
magnetic field. If tissues, which contain many electrolytes, are subjected to the highfrequency
magnetic field, it causes molecules in tissue to vibrate and produce heat.
Consequently, absorption of the electric and magnetic field leads to increased temperature of
the tissue, which leads to the increased blood circulation, muscle relaxation and pain relief. It
also speeds up metabolism and the rate of ion diffusion across cellular membranes.
Short wave diathermy machines use two condenser plates that are placed on either side of
the body part to be treated. Another mode of application is by induction coils. When
electromagnetic waves travel through the body tissues, they are converted into heat. The
degree of heat and depth of penetration depend in part on the absorptive and resistance
properties of the tissues.
Microwave diathermy is considered to be the easiest to use. Physical effects are similar as
those in short wave diathermy, but the microwaves have a relatively poor depth of
penetration. Microwaves can cause hyperthermia in tissues. Hyperthermia induced by
microwave diathermy raises the temperature of deep tissues from 41 °C to 45 °C, which
produces short- term pain relief.

• Keywords: električno polje; magnetsko polje; elektromagnetski valovi; temperatura; dijatermija; hipertermija; bol
• Keywords (english): electric field; magnetic field; electromagnetic waves; temperature; diathermy; hyperthermia; pain
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:556156
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-07-03 10:11:44