Hitna stanja u neurologiji

master's thesis

• Title (english): Neurological emergencies
• Author: Nataša Milošević
• Mentor: Zdravka Poljaković (mentor)
• Committee member: Željka Petelin Gadže (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mario Habek (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zdravka Poljaković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Neurology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Neurology

Abstract

Hitna stanja u neurologiji, s jedne strane zbog svoje velike učestalosti, a s druge zbog potrebe za što ranijim zbrinjavanjem i adekvatnom intervencijom u cilju spašavanja života i sprječavanja komplikacija, zauzimaju vrlo važnu ulogu u medicinskoj skrbi općenito. Pacijenti su često vitalno ugroženi te se velik broj njih nalazi u neurološkim jedinicama za intenzivno liječenje gdje je moguć adekvatan hemodinamski monitoring, procjena cerebralne perfuzije, oksigenacije i metabolizma nizom specifičnih pretraga (EEG, mjerenje intrakranijalnog tlaka, transkranijalni dopler). Klinička slika uključuje poremećaje svijesti, poremećaje funkcije kranijalnih živaca, mišićnu slabost, osjetne ispade, toničko-kloničke grčeve i mnoge druge. Najčešće hitno stanje u neurologiji svakako je cerebrovaskularni inzult koji se mora što ranije prepoznati u cilju liječenja i sprječavanja posljedica bolesti. Nagli nastanak simptoma karakterističan je za subarahnoidalno krvarenje kojem treba uslijediti što hitnije zbrinjavanje uzroka, prevencija ponovnog krvarenja te liječenje lokalnih i sistemskih komplikacija. Epileptički status, kao stanje kojem predležeći uzroci mogu biti vrlo raznoliki, u prvom redu zahtijeva prekid napadaja, prevenciju ponovnog javljanja istog, a tek potom zbrinjavanje uzroka i posljedica. Upalne poliradikuloneuropatije i miastenička kriza zahtijevaju brižan nadzor pacijenta zbog čestih popratnih autonomnih disfunkcija i mogućeg brzog i naglog pogoršanja stanja pacijenta. Uz pružanje odgovarajuće medicinske skrbi i njege, nužna je i psihološka potpora bolesnicima te fizikalna terapija s ciljem što bolje rehabilitacije.

Abstract (english)

Neurological emergencies play an important role in the medical care due to its high incidence and the need of quick and adequate care. Neurological intensive care unit is an ideal place to address critically ill patients because it provides both standard interventions and hemodynamic monitoring as well as the specific care including monitoring of cerebral perfusion, oxygenation and metabolism via EEG, intracranial pressure, and transcranial doppler. The main symptoms associated with the neurological emergencies include impaired level of consciousness, cranial nerve dysfunction, muscle weakness, partial or complete loss of sensation, seizures etc. Cerebrovascular insult is the most common emergency that requires early recognition, management, and prevention of complications. The main aim for patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage is investigating the cause of the haemorrhage, prevention of early rebleeding and the management of local and systemic complications. The treatment of status epilepticus proceeds on termination of seizures, prevention of its recurrence, management of the underlying cause and complications. Acute polyradiculoneuritis and myasthenic crisis can cause sudden and rapid deterioration of health because they are often accompanied with autonomic instability. In addition to providing adequate medical care and physical therapy, we should also give our patients psychological support.

• Keywords: hitna stanja; neurologija; intenzivno liječenje
• Keywords (english): emergencies; neurology; intensive care
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:588547
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-07-10 07:20:20