Tehnološki doping u profesionalnom sportu

master's thesis

• Title (english): Technological doping in professional sports
• Author: Martin Oroz
• Mentor: Jagoda Doko Jelinić (mentor)
• Committee member: Marjeta Majer (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Milan Milošević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jagoda Doko Jelinić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-07-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Public Health and Health Care; Occupational and Sports Medicine

Abstract

U proteklih nekoliko godina, standardi u profesionalnom sportu drastično se mijenjaju. Uvođenje tehnoloških novina i nove opreme može značajno utjecati na način kako se sport igra ili imati utjecaj na rezultat. U osvrtu na ovaj fenomen nastao je novi termin: tehnološki doping. Primjena sportske opreme ili tehnologije koja poboljšava sveukupni sportski učinak ili narušava integritet sporta, smatra se dopingom i Svjetska antidoping agencija tako ju tretira. Podrazumijeva se da je uvjet za igranje većine sportova nekakav oblik sportske opreme, te je zato ponekad teško odrediti što prijeti samom „duhu sporta“. Postoje mnogi primjeri kontroverzne primjene sportske opreme. Revolucionarna odijela za plivače koje je Speedo predstavio za Olimpijske igre 2008. godine, privukla su veliku pažnju medija jer je u toj sezoni srušeno 130 svjetskih plivačkih rekorda. Odijela se smatraju vrhuncem sportskog inženjerstva, jer omogućuju bolji protok kisika do mišića, drže tijelo u hidrodinamski boljoj poziciji te zarobljavaju zrak unutar odijela, što povećava sile uzgona. Značajan je i slučaj Oscara Pistoriusa, paraolimpijca koji je pretvorio tjelesnu anomaliju u prednost, te tako pomaknuo ljudske i sportske granice mogućeg. Južnoafrički trkač s amputiranim potkoljenicama iznenadio je svijet sporta na Paraolimpijskim igrama u Ateni 2004. godine kada je odnio pobjedu protiv vrhunskih trkača u kategoriji T43 – jednostrana amputacija potkoljenice. Istraživačka analiza Pistoriusovih trkačkih proteza pokazala je da mu proteze pružaju mehaničku prednost nad ostalim trkačima te su proteze okarakterizirane kao tehnološki doping. Ovi slučajevi jasno pokazuju da još uvijek postoji mnogo neodgovorenih etičkih pitanja te da je granica između poboljšanja performansa tehnologijom i dopinga nejasna.

Abstract (english)

During the past few years, the standard in professional sport has been drastically changing. Introductions of new technologies and equipment can affect the way a sport is played or have an impact on its performance. A new term is being introduced to address these changes: technological doping. Any application of sports equipment that enhances sports performance or that is "against the spirit of the sport" is now considered doping and treated as such by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Of course, it is sometimes difficult to determine what threatens the integrity of the sport. For example, in the 2008 Beijing Olympics almost all the swimmers wore revolutionary Speedo swimsuits, and in that year 130 world records were broken. The whole-body swimsuit is considered the best of sports engineering, allowing for better oxygen flow to the muscles, holding the body in a more hydrodynamic position, and trapping the air which adds buoyancy. On the other hand, there is the case of Oscar Pistorius, a Paralympian who turned his physical anomaly into an advantage, thus challenging human and sports boundaries. Pistorius, a double tibial amputee, surprised the sporting world in the Athens Paralympic Games by winning races against the best paralympic athletes in the category T43 – single tibial amputation. An investigative analysis of his prostheses concluded there was a mechanical advantage over athletes without prostheses. The racing prostheses used by Pistorius were thus seen as technological doping. These cases clearly show that there are many ethical questions left unanswered and the line between boosting performance and doping is blurred.

• Keywords: doping; tehnologija; sport
• Keywords (english): doping; technology; sport
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:930097
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-12-27 08:45:17