| Abstract | Nekrotizirajući enterokolitis (NEC) je devastirajuća bolest koju je ujedno teško liječiti u učinkovito predvidjeti njen razvoj. Ovaj rad daje kratki uvod u etiologiju NEC-a i njegovu epidemiologiju. Na to se nastavlja karakterizacija patologije i patogeneze, zajedno sa simptomatologijom, kliničkim, radiološkim i biokemijskim metodama otkrivanja. Na uvod se nadovezuje pregled novih metoda otkrivanja. Većina njih se fokusira na pronalaženje specifičnih biljega u krvi, ali razvijaju se i novi, manje invazivni postupci. Oni su navedeni sljedećim redoslijedom: interleukini, proteini koji vežu masne kiseline, žučne kiseline, kalprotektin, klaudin i neinvazivne metode temeljene na praćenju elektrofizioloških promjena u tijelu. Još značajniji broj istraživanja usmjeren je na pronalaženje novih načina liječenja i prevencije NEC-a. Nove moguće metode i tehnike liječenja koje su opisane uključuju: inzulinu sličan čimbenik rasta, oligosaharide ljudskog mlijeka, obitelj epidermalnog faktora rasta, transformirajući faktor rasta β, enzim alkalnu fosfatazu, vitamin A, obitelj trefoil faktora, masne kiseline razgranatih lanaca, eritropoetin, kisik i ozon. Poseban naglasak je stavljen na ulogu majčinog mlijeka kao izvora velikog broja čimbenika korisnih u prevenciji i liječenju NEC-a. Cilj ovoga članka je dati sažeti opis NEC-a i detaljnu analizu recentnih istraživanja novih metoda detekcije i liječenja te bolesti. |
| Abstract (english) | Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease that is difficult to treat, and it is especially difficult to effectively predict its development. This paper gives a brief introduction to the etiology of NEC and its epidemiology, followed by a characterization of the pathology and pathogenesis, as well as symptomatology, clinical, radiological, and biochemical methods of detection. The introduction is followed by the rewie of detection methods. Most of them are focused on finding specific blood markers, but there are also a lot of novel and less invasive procedure being developed. They are listed as follows: interleukins, fatty acid binding proteins,bile acids, calprotectin, claudin, and noninvasive methods based upon tracking electrophysiologycal changes in the body. Many more studies were aimed at finding new ways of treatment and prevention. New possible treatment methods and techniques are briefly described: insulin-like growth factor, human milk oligosaccharides, epidermal growth factor family, transforming growth factor β, an enzyme – alkaline phosphatase, vitamin A, trefoil factor family, branch chain fatty acids, erythropoietin, oxygen, and ozone. Particular emphasis is given to the role of maternal milk as a source of many of biochemical factors in prevention and even treatment of NEC. The goal of this article is to give a brief review of what NEC is and to present a thorough analysis of recent developments in screening for and treatment of the disease. |
