Modulatorni učinci prebiotika i probiotika na endokrinološki sustav

master's thesis

• Title (english): Modulatory effects of prebiotics and probiotics on endocrine system
• Author: Dunja Leskovar
• Mentor: Donatella Verbanac (mentor)
• Committee member: Željko Krznarić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivančica Delaš (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Donatella Verbanac (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-07-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Medical Microbiology

Abstract

Ljudska mikrobiota sastavljena je od mikroorganizama koji proizvode trećinu ukupnih metabolita u našem tijelu i čine jedan od najheterogenijih sustava. Mikrobiota se smatra endokrinim/metaboličkim ljudskim organom jer proizvodi brojne tvari koje utječu i reguliraju druge organske sustave. Fermentacijom ugljikohidrata crijevna mikrobiota (Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) stvara kratkolančane masne kiseline prisutne u obliku soli (acetat, butirat, propionat), koje predstavljaju vrijedan izvor energije za tjelesne stanice i, kao ishodni spojevi, utječu na metabolizam ugljikohidrata i lipida. Brojne endokrinološke bolesti povezane su s narušenim sastavom crijevne mikrobiote koji poznajemo pod nazivom „disbioza“. U liječenju disbioze značajno mjesto zauzimaju i intervencije prebioticima i probioticima. Prebiotici potiču rast „dobrih“ crijevnih bakterija i potiču sintezu kratkolančanih masnih kiselina. Probiotičke kulture (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) održavaju ravnotežu mikrobiote i smanjuju broj patogenih bakterija te pokazuju dobar učinak u smanjenju postprandijalne glikemije u šećernoj bolesti tipa II, smanjenju upalnog odgovora u metaboličkom sindromu i pretilosti. Budući da povoljno djeluju na očuvanje i gustoću koštane mase, njihova se primjena preporučuje u stanjima osteopenije/osteoporoze. Imunomodulirajućim, protu-upalnim i djelovanjem na
metabolizam lipida, probiotici nalaze veliku primjenu u liječenju autoimunih bolesti štitnjače, šećerne bolesti tipa II, metaboličkog sindroma, pretilosti i osteoporoze. Probiotici djeluju povoljno i na vaginalnu mikrofloru, a ravnotežno stanje vaginalne mikrobiote nužan je preduvjet za očuvanje plodnosti.

Abstract (english)

The human microbiota consists of microorganisms and produces one third of the total metabolites in our body and represents one of the most heterogeneous systems. The microbiota is considered an endocrine/metabolic human organ due to the production of many compounds that affect and regulate other organ systems. The intestinal microbiota (Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) metabolizes carbohydrates and produces short-chain fatty acids, present as salts (acetate, butyrate, propionate). These metabolites provide an important source of nutrients, and represent the regulatory factors that control the host metabolism. A large number of endocrine diseases are associated with disturbed intestinal microbiota composition and intervention with prebiotics and probiotics is proposed. Prebiotics stimulate the growth of “good intestinal” bacteria, and induce the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids. Probiotic cultures (Lactobacillus,
Bifidobacterium) maintain microbiota balance and reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria. Studies have shown that probiotics reduce postprandial blood glucose level in type II diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory response in obesity and metabolic syndrome. They also increase bone mineral density in conditions like osteopenia and osteoporosis. Probiotics have strong immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory role, and affect lipid metabolism. Nowadays, probiotics are used in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases like autoimmune thyroid disease, type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and osteoporosis. Probiotics also have a favorable effect on the vaginal flora. A healthy vaginal microbiota is an essential prerequisite for the preservation of fertility and maintenance of reproduction.

• Keywords: mikrobiota; endokrinološke bolesti; probiotici; prebiotici
• Keywords (english): microbiota; endocrine diseases; prebiotics; probiotics
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:156864
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-03-20 13:08:43