Epilepsy in children caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

master's thesis

• Title (croatian): Epilepsije u dječjoj dobi uzrokovane hipoksično-ishemičnom encefalopatijom
• Author: Rima Salman
• Mentor: Nina Barišić (mentor)
• Committee member: Irena Senečić-Čala (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marija Jelušić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nina Barišić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Pediatrics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-09-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Pediatrics

Abstract

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a condition associated with low uteroplacental blood flow that results in perinatal asphyxia. As a consequence of neonatal oxygen deprivation, perinatal asphyxia at the time of delivery is more common than in utero. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy leads to several unfavorable neurodevelopmental outcomes. Epilepsy, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, visual and hearing problems are some of them. Epilepsy in children with perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is at the primary focus in this graduate thesis paper. Neonatal seizures are seizures that occur during neonatal period – first 28 days of the life of a full-term infant. Fifty percent of neonatal seizures are subtle and characterized by orolingual movements, automatisms, progression and purposeless movements. Most of the newborn seizures usually last 10 seconds to 1-2 minutes. Seizures are mostly repetitive with a median of a few minutes between each seizure. Many different epilepsy types are seen in children some of which being Ohtahara syndrome, West syndrome, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Electroencephalography is the gold standard for diagnosis of neonatal epileptic seizures. 85% of electrographic seizures are usually silent. First line antiepileptic drugs of choice are phenobarbital and phenytoin.

Abstract (croatian)

Hipoksično-ishemična encefalopatija je stanje koje nastaje kao posljedica slabog uteroplacentalnog krvotoka koji rezultira perinatalnom asfiksijom. Pojavljuje se kao posljedica niske saturacije kisikom u novorođenčeta u vrijeme poroda. Hipoksičnoishemična encefalopatija dovodi do nekoliko nepovoljnih neurorazvojnih ishoda kao što su epilepsija, cerebralna paraliza, mentalna retardacija, problemi s vidom i sluhom. Epilepsija i epileptički napadaji uzrokovani perinatalnom asfiksijom i hipokičnoishemičnom encefalopatijom su glavna tema ovoga diplomskoga rada. Epileptički napadaji koji se javljaju tijekom neonatalnog razdoblja, prvih 28 dana života prematurnog i terminskog djeteta. Pedeset posto neonatalnih napadaja su suptilni napadaji za koje su karakteristični orolingvalni pokreti sisanja, gutanja, slinjenja; pokreti poput veslanja i plivanja, multifokalni klonički grčevi. Većina cerebralnih napadaja obično traje 10 sekundi do 1-2 minute. Različite vrste epilepsija mogu se prezentirati u dječjoj dobi kao na primjer Ohtahara sindrom, Westov sindrom i Lennox-Gastautov sindrom. Elektroencefalografija je zlatni standard za dijagnozu cerebralnih epileptičkih napadaja. 85% elektrografskih napadaja obično je tiho to jest nisu klinički prepoznati. Prva linija antiepileptičkih lijekova po izboru su fenobarbital i fenitoin.

• Keywords: hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; epilepsy
• Keywords (croatian): hipoksično-ishemična encefalopatija; epilepsija
• Language: english
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:091689
• Study programme: Title: Medicine (in English language); Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-04-17 09:24:20