Title Hiperkalciurija u djece Title (english) Hypercalciuria in children Author Nataša Balog Mentor Danko Milošević (mentor)Committee member Ernest Bilić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Marija Jelušić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Danko Milošević (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2014-07-15, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Hiperkalciurija je čest metabolički poremećaj koji je karakteriziran prekomjernim izlučivanjem kalcija u mokraći. Definirana je vrijednostima izlučenog kalcija u mokraći, te o njoj kao o bolesti govorimo kada one iznose > 4 mg/kg/24h ili > od 0,1 – 0.125 mmol/kg/24h izlučenog kalcija, odnosno kada je omjer kalcij/kreatinin > 0.21 mg/mg (Milliner 2009).
Pojavljuje se u 5-10% opće populacije (Vezzoli at al. 2008). Učestalost je različita u različitim dijelovima svijeta, te se smatra da na nju utječe interakcija različitih čimbenika kao što su geografsko područje, klimatski uvjeti, prehrambene navike i genetski faktori (Stojanović at al. 2007). Hiperkalciurija je klasificirana u dvije osnovne skupine, kao idiopatska i sekundarna. Idiopatska hiperkalciurija je metabolički poremećaj koji je karakteriziran prekomjernim izlučivanjem kalcija u urinu bez istovremeno prisutne hiperkalcemije, odnosno povišenih razina kalcija u serumu, te bez nekog poznatog uzroka hiperkalciurije. Ona se dijeli na absorptivnu unutar koje postoje još tri tipa, zatim renalnu i resorptivnu. Učestalost se idiopatske hiperkalciurije u djece kreće između 2.9 – 10% i jednako je zastupljena u oba spola (Stojanović at al. 2007). Hiperkalciurija se može prezentirati hematurijom, urolitijazom, bolovima u leđima ili u trbuhu, dizurijom, inkontinencijom, enurezom ili pak na nju nailazimo prilikom obrade urinarne infekcije. Hiperkalciurija se smatra glavnim rizičinim čimbenikom za nastanak urolitijaze. Oko 80% bubrežnih kamenaca sadrže u svojem sastavu kalcij, a sama hiperkalciurija se dijagnosticira u jednoj trećini pacijenata s urolitijazom. Bubrezi su češće sijelo kamenaca u razvijenim zemljama, što je posljedica prehrane bogate animalnim proteinima, dok se u zemljama u razvoju oni češće stvaraju u mokraćnom mjehuru što se povezuje sa slabijim socioekonomskim uvjetima. Pojavljuje se u svim dobnim skupinama, od novorođenačke pa do starije životne dobi s nešto različitom etiologijom. U dijagnostici hiperkalciurije mjeri se količina kalcija u 24 satnom urinu i određuje se kalcij / kreatinin omjer, dok je u terapiji najvažnija promjena prehrane i navika.
Abstract (english) Hypercalciuria is a common metabolic disorder that is characterized by hypersecretion of calcium in the urine. It is defined by the values of calcium excreted in the urine, when those amounts are > 4 mg/kg/24h or > 0.1 to 0.125 mmol/kg/24h calcium excreted, or when the calcium / creatinine ratio is > 0.21 mg/mg (Milliner 2009).
It occurs in 5-10% of the general population ( Vezzoli at al. 2008). The frequency is different in different parts of the world, and it is considered that is affected by the interaction of various factors such as geographic area, climatic conditions, food habits and genetic factors (Stojanović at al. 2007). Hypercalciuria is classified into two major groups, as well as idiopathic and secondary. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by excessive excretion of calcium in the urine without the simultaneous presence of hypercalcemia, or elevated levels of serum calcium, and without a known cause of hypercalciuria. It is divided into absorptive within which there are three types, followed by renal and resorptive. The frequency of idiopathic hypercalciuria in children ranges between 2.9 - 10%, and it is equally present in both genders (Stojanović at al. 2007) . Hypercalciuria can be presented with hematuria, urolithiasis, back pain or abdominal pain, dysuria, incontinence, enuresis or can be finded during the evaluation of urinary infection. Hypercalciuria is considered a major risk factor for the development of urolithiasis. About 80% of kidney stones contain calcium in their composition, and hypercalciuria alone is diagnosed in one third of patients with urolithiasis. Kidneys are often the seat of stones in the developed countries as a result of a diet rich in animal protein, while in developing countries, often formed in the bladder which is associated with poorer socioeconomic conditions. It occurs in all age groups, from newborns to the elderly with a different etiology. The diagnosis of hypercalciuria is based on measuring the amount of excreted calcium in the 24 hour urine and determining the value of the calcium/creatinine ratio, while the first and the most important step in therapy is change of nutrition habits.
Keywords
hiperkalciurija
kalcij / kreatinin omjer
urolitijaza
Keywords (english)
hypercalciuria
calcium / creatinine ratio
urolithiasis
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:105:140434 Study programme Title: Medicine Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2015-10-28 12:18:11
