Razlikovanje benignih i malignih lezija dojke slikovnim metodama

master's thesis

• Title (english): Imaging differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions
• Author: Nika Anić Matić
• Mentor: Boris Brkljačić (mentor)
• Committee member: Gordana Ivanac (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Milan Radoš (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Boris Brkljačić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Radiology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Radiology

Abstract

Uloga radioloških slikovnih metoda od iznimnog je značaja u dijagnostici promjena dojke, razlikovanju benignih i malignih lezija te ranom otkrivanju i procjeni proširenosti karcinoma dojke. Važno je poznavati karakteristike malignih lezija, ali i fiziološke procese te karakteristike benignih lezija u dojkama kako bi ih mogli razlučiti od početnih malignih lezija te pravovremeno otkriti benigne lezije s povišenim rizikom za razvoj karcinoma dojke. Nažalost, manifestacije benignih i malignih lezija često se preklapaju i ponekad se ne mogu razlikovati čak ni pri patološkom pregledu. Stoga, ne iznenađuje činjenica da radiološke slikovne metode ne mogu uvijek pouzdano razlučiti benigne i maligne promjene u dojkama. U ovom radu osvrnut ćemo se na mogućnosti suvremenih slikovnih metoda u rutinskoj upotrebi od kojih kao najvažnije navodimo mamografiju, ultrazvuk i magnetsku rezonanciju. Ubrzanim razvojem tehnologije dolazi do proširenja dijagnostičkih mogućnosti te u upotrebu ulaze i novije metode poput sonoelastografije, automatiziranog ultrazvuka, kontrastne mamografije i digitalne tomosinteze. Unatoč svojim nedostacima mamografija ostaje najbolja dostupna slikovna metoda koja se koristi za probira simptomatskih žena zbog iznimne osjetljivosti za prikaz mikrokalcifikata koji predstavljaju prvi znak razvoja karcinoma. Ultrazvuk se koristi kao inicijalna metoda u mladih žena, trudnica te kao komplementarna metoda u žena s gustim dojkama jer je osjetljivost mamografije u tim slučajevima niska. Pokazao se i kao najbolja metoda za nadzor punkcije ili biopsije lezija dojke. Magnetska rezonancija je najsloženija metoda s najvećom osjetljivošću za prikaz lezija s pojačanom vaskularizacijom, ali njezina je specifičnost niska što predstavlja problem u razlikovanju benignih i malignih lezija.

Abstract (english)

The role of imaging methods is of great importance in diagnostics of breast disease, differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions and early recognition and staging of breast cancer. It is of utter importance to perceive characteristics of malignant lesions, as well as physiological processes and characteristics of benign breast lesions in order to distinguish them from incipient malignant lesions and to recognise high-risk benign breast lesions. Unfortunately, manifestations of benign and malignant lesions often overlap and can not be differentiated even in pathological examination. Therefore, it is not unanticipated that occasionally imaging methods can not differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions in reliable manner. The aim of this paper is to review and present the capabilities of contemporary routine diagnostic methods with an emphasis on mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance. As a result of advanced development of technology we are witnessing expansion of diagnostic methods and appearance of new methods such as sonoelastography, automated whole-breast ultrasound, contrast mammography and digital tomosynthesis. Despite its shortcomings mammography remains best available imaging method for screening of asymptomatic women because of its high sensitivity in visualization of microcalcifications as first signs of carcinoma. Ultrasound is utilized as initial method in young women, expectant mothers and as complementary method in women with dense breasts due to low sensitivity of mammography in dense tissue. It is also considered to be the best method for image-guided biopsy. Magnetic resonance is considered to be the most complex of all imaging methods and with highest sensitivity in visualization of vascularisation of breast lesions. However, its low specificity represents a problem in differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions.

• Keywords: mamografija; ultrazvuk; magnetska rezonancija; karcinom dojke
• Keywords (english): mammography; ultrasound; magnetic resonance imaging; breast carcinoma
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:420182
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-02-10 15:50:53