Title Hitna stanja u otorinolaringologiji
Title (english) Emergencies in otorhinolaryngology
Author Stela Bukvić
Mentor Marko Velimir Grgić (mentor)
Committee member Vladimir Bedeković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Mihael Ries (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Marko Velimir Grgić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb School of Medicine (Department of Othorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery) Zagreb
Defense date and country 2019-07-12, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Otorhinolaryngology
Abstract Hitna stanja u području uha, grla i nosa vrlo su česta, posebno među dječjom populacijom, te je zbog toga nužno da su liječnici na hitnom prijemu s njima dobro upoznati te da su ih sposobni pravilno i pravovremeno zbrinuti. Iako većina otorinolaringoloških stanja ne zahtijeva hitnu reakciju, postoje stanja u kojima je ispravno prepoznavanje, brzina reakcije te spremnost na adekvatan odgovor i liječenje izuzetno važno. Ozbiljnost hitnih stanja može varirati od teške upale tonzila i ždrijela, kao i rupture bubnjića, do izrazito ozbiljnog stanja s potrebom neodgodive reakcije, kao što je to prilikom opstrukcije dišnog puta stranim tijelom ili jakih krvarenja. Hitna stanja u području uha čine iznenadna nagluhost, pareza facijalnog živca, labirintitis, mastoiditis, ruptura bubnjića te strana tijela u uhu. U području nosa često se susrećemo s epistaksom, traumom nosa te stranim tijelima nosne šupljine. Hitna stanja u orofaringologiji obuhvaćaju epiglotitis, peritonzilarni apsces, parafaringealni apsces te strano tijelo dišnog puta. Hitna stanja povezana s infekcijama zahtijevaju antibiotsku terapiju te po potrebi uklanjanje gnojnog sadržaja. Strana tijela mogu prouzročiti traumu tkiva, pogoduju razvoju infekcije te ometaju funkciju organa, zbog čega ih je nužno ukloniti. Trauma uha, grla i nosa najčešće je uzrokovana izravnom silom te je važno zaustaviti krvarenje, ukoliko je prisutno te adekvatno zbrinuti frakture koje često treba kirurški liječiti. Anamneza i klinički pregled neprocjenjiv su izvor informacija u kojem možemo saznati više o etiologiji hitnog stanja te kako na najbolji mogući način pristupiti obradi hitnog pacijenta. Radiološke pretrage dobar su izvor informacija o stanju pacijenta, pomažu pri dijagnosticiranju različitih patologija uha, grla i nosa te su odličan putokaz za liječenje istih. Stopa smrtnosti i morbiditeta mogu se smanjiti ispravnom dijagnostikom te pravovremenom i neodgodivom reakcijom.
Abstract (english) Ear, throat and nose emergencies are very common, especially in paediatric patients. It is crucial that doctors at emergency departments are well trained in dealing with such emergencies. Although most pathologies in otorhinolaryngology do not require emergency reaction, there are some that require instant recognition, rapid reaction, adequate response and treatment. There are different types of emergencies, beginning with extreme tonsillitis and pharyngitis, as well as tympanic membrane rupture, to an extremely urgent condition such as airway obstruction or severe bleeding. Emergencies connected with the ear are sudden loss of hearing, facial nerve palsy, labyrinthitis, mastoiditis, tympanic membrane rupture and foreign bodies. Concerning nose pathologies, there are several emergencies, such as epistaxis, nose trauma and foreign bodies. Emergencies in oropharyngology include epiglottitis, peritonsillar abscess, parapharyngeal abscess and foreign body airway obstruction. If there is a suspected infection that triggered any of the emergency conditions, treatment with antibiotics is required. In some cases pus removal is also needed. Foreign bodies can cause tissue trauma, enhance infection development and disrupt organ function, so they require prompt evacuation. Hemorrhage control and fracture management are crucial when dealing with severe ear, nose and throat trauma. Patient history and clinical examination are an invaluable source of information about etiology and the best guide to adequate treatment. Radiology exams are helpful in diagnosing various otorhinolaryngology conditions and a perfect guide to treat them. Morbidity and mortality rates can be lowered by comprehensive diagnostics and immediate reaction.
Keywords
otorinolaringologija
trauma
infekcije
krvarenje
strana tijela
Keywords (english)
otorhinolaryngology
trauma
infections
bleeding
foreign bodies
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:105:742498
Study programme Title: Medicine Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2020-03-04 13:45:17