Akutne komplikacije hemodijalize

master's thesis

• Title (english): Acute complications of haemodialysis
• Author: Marko Banić
• Mentor: Nikolina Bašić Jukić (mentor)
• Committee member: Nikolina Bašić Jukić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Željko Kaštelan (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasenka Markeljević (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract

Hemodijaliza je jedan od modaliteta vantjelesne nadomjesne bubrežne terapije. Vantjelesna nadomjesna bubrežna terapija se koristi u intermitentnom obliku najčešće u bolesnika sa završnim stadijem kronične bubrežne bolesti, dok se u kontinuiranom koristi u akutnim zbivanjima poput akutnog oštećenja bubrega, teškog metaboličkog poremećaja ili nekih trovanja. Hemodijaliza se većinom temelji na fizikalnim principima difuzije kojom se odlično odstranjuju iz krvi manje molekule, a tek nešto manje na principima ultrafiltracije i konvekcije kojima se lakše odstranjuju molekule veće molekularne mase i višak tekućine. Kao i svaki postupak u medicini, hemodijaliza može imati kronične i akutne komplikacije. Akutne komplikacije su većinom izazvane promjenama volumena vanstanične tekućine i pomakom elektrolita i drugih malih molekula u krvi. Od akutnih komplikacija su najčešće blaže poput mučnine, povraćanja, grčeva i hipotenzije, a one teže poput teške slike disekvilibrijskog sindroma ili reakcija preosjetljivosti na dijalizator ili krvne linije se pojavljuju češće. Vjerojatnost da će se zbiti akutna komplikacija hemodijalize se može svesti na minimum, a ako ipak nastane, postoje terapijske opcije. Iskustvo medicinskog osoblja pri poznavanju akutnih komplikacija može uvelike dovesti do smanjivanja njihove pojavnosti.

Abstract (english)

Haemodialysis is one of the modalities of extracorporeal renal replacement therapy. Extracorporeal renal replacement therapy is used in its intermittent form to treat end-stage chronic kidney diseade, while its continuous form is usually used to treat acute conditions, such as acute kidney injury, severe metabolic disorders or poisoning by certain chemical compounds. Haemodialysis is mostly based on a physical principle of diffusion to remove small solutes from blood but, in a smaller portion, also on principles of ultrafiltration and convection to remove larger solutes and extra volume from the body. Like any procedure used in medicine, there are sertain complications possible when utilizing haemodialysis, both chronic and acute. Acute complications are mostly caused by extracellular volume and electrolites shifts. The most common acute complications are usually mild and include nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, hypotension. The more severe ones are dysequilibrium syndrome or hypersensitivity reaction to dialyser or blood lines. They are also far less common. The probability of acute complication ocurrance can be minimised. If it does ocurr, there is a range of procedures and therapies used to treat them. Experienced medical personnel and their knowledge of acute complications may greatly assist in minimising their incidence.

• Keywords: hemodijaliza; komplikacije hemodijalize; kronična bubrežna bolest
• Keywords (english): haemodialysis; haemodialysis complications; chronic kidney disease
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:096682
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-04-28 11:23:09