Ovisnici kao počinitelji kaznenih djela

master's thesis

• Title (english): Addicts as criminal offenders
• Author: Marina Alaber
• Mentor: Zrnka Kovačić Petrović (mentor)
• Committee member: Neven Henigsberg (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dražen Begić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zrnka Kovačić Petrović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-24, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Psychiatry

Abstract

Ovisnost o psihoaktivnim tvarima je neuropsihijatrijski poremećaj karakteriziran ponavljajućom željom za nastavkom uzimanja psihoaktivne tvari unatoč štetnim posljedicama. Alkohol je najčešće korištena psihoaktivna tvar i jedan od najznačajnijih kriminogenih čimbenika, posebno prilikom počinjenja nasilnih kaznenih djela. Kaznena djela koja čine ovisnici o alkoholu
najčešće su vezana uz akutnu intoksikaciju alkoholom koja se pojavljuje u otprilike pola nasilnih zločina kao i kod polovice seksualnih zločina. Važna je uloga alkohola u nasilju između intimnih partnera te prometnim nesrećama, ali i u nenasilnim kaznenim djelima. Ovisnost o alkoholu češća je u zatvorskoj nego u općoj populaciji. Ovisnici o drogama čine disproporcionalno više kaznenih djela nego opća populacija. Iako većinu kaznenih djela čine ona s materijalnom korišću, ovisnici o drogama čine i više drugih kaznenih djela pa i onih nasilnih. S kaznenim djelima najčešće su povezani heroin, crack i kokain dok su kaznenim
djelima najmanje sklone osobe koje koriste kanabis. Iako je među ovisnicima o drogama, ali i počiniteljima kaznenih djela više muškaraca, žene ovisnice o drogama su u odnosu na žene koje ne koriste droge puno češće uključene u kriminalne aktivnosti nego što je taj omjer kod muškaraca. Ovisnost o kockanju je bihevioralna ovisnost koja aktivira sustav za nagradu slično kao zlouporaba droge i ima neke bihevioralne simptome koji se mogu usporediti s ovisnošću o psihoaktivnim tvarima. Ovisnici o kockanju najčešće čine nenasilna kaznena djela kojima ostvaruju financijsku korist no u odnosu na opću populaciju češće čine i nasilna kaznena djela, ali i ona povezana uz droge. Kako bi se smanjio broj kaznenih djela koje ovisnici čine, ovisnost je potrebno adekvatno liječiti. Ovisniku počinitelju kaznenog djela sigurnosnu mjeru liječenja od ovisnosti može izreći i sud.
Liječenje mora biti individualno, a u obzir treba uzeti i psihijatrijske komorbiditete koji su kod ovisnika, a pogotovo kod ovisnika koji čine kaznena djela, puno češći nego u općoj populaciji. Ovisnosti je važno prevenirati i putem programa u školama, zakonskim regulativama, medijskim kampanjama.

Abstract (english)

Substance addiction is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by a recurrent desire to continue taking a psychoactive substance despite the harmful consequences. Alcohol is the most commonly used psychoactive substance and one of the most significant criminogenic factors, especially when committing violent crimes. The crimes committed by alcohol addicts are most often related to acute alcohol intoxication, which occurs in approximately half of violent crimes as well as in half of sexual crimes. The role of alcohol is important in violence between intimate partners and road accidents, but also in non-violent crimes. Alcohol dependence is more prevalent in prison population than in general population. Drug addicts commit disproportionately more crimes than the general population. Although most crimes are acquisitive, some research has shown that drug addicts commit several other types of crimes, including violent ones. Heroin, crack and cocaine are most often associated with crime, while people who use cannabis are the least prone to crime. Although there are more men among drug addicts, but also perpetrators of crime, women drug addicts are much more often involved in criminal activities than women who do not use drugs. Gambling addiction is a behavioral addiction that activates a reward system similar to drug abuse and has some behavioral symptoms that can be compared to substance addiction. Gambling addicts most
often commit non-violent crimes for financial gain, but compared to the general population, they also commit more violent crimes and crimes related to drugs. In order to reduce the number of crimes committed by addicts, addiction needs to be adequately treated. The sourt may also impose a security measure of addiction treatment on an addicted perpetrator of a
criminal offense. Treatment must be individualized. Psychiatric comorbidities that are much more common in addicts, and especially in addicts who commit crimes, than in the general population should be also considered when treating an addict. It is important to prevent addictions through school programs, legal regulations, and media campaigns.

• Keywords: poremećaj uzimanja psihoaktivnih tvari; ovisnost o kockanju; kriminal; kaznena djela
• Keywords (english): substance addiction; gambling disorder; crime; criminal offences
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:941893
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-03-23 09:39:13