Nadomjesna terapija u liječenju ovisnosti o duhanu

master's thesis

• Title (english): Supplemental therapy in the treatment of tobacco addiction
• Author: Luka Franin
• Mentor: Neven Henigsberg (mentor)
• Committee member: Zrnka Kovačić Petrović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dražen Begić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Neven Henigsberg (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-07-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Psychiatry

Abstract

Ovisnost o duhanu sve se češće javlja u modernoj populaciji i čini veliki javnozdrastveni problem. Smatra se da je 15% svjetske populacije ovisno o duhanu, a taj postotak će ubrzanim načinom života samo rasti. U Hrvatskoj 36,45% stanovništva aktivno
konzumira duhanske proizvode te se procjenjuje da od posljedica pušenja godišnje umire oko 10.000 ljudi. Patofiziološki mehanizam nastanka ovisnosti o duhanu je heterogen, a najznačajniju ulogu ima nikotin koji preko specifičnih neuroreceptora stimulira središnji živčani sustav i potiče lučenje dopamina te na taj način stvara osjećaj ugode. Svojim učinkom na ventralnu
tegmentalnu zonu mijenja fiziološke procese u središnjem živčanom sustavu. Lijekovima pokušavamo smanjiti njegov utjecaj na organizam i ublažiti simptome ustezanja. U kliničkoj se praksi trenutno kao glavni lijekovi koriste nikotinska zamjenska terapija, vareniklin, bupropion, nortriptilin i klonidin. Zbog jednostavne uporabe i malog broja nuspojava trenutno se najviše koristi nikotinska zamjenska terapija. S trendom rasta broja pušača u svijetu povećava se i interes za proizvodnjom efikasnijih lijekova koji će pomoći u borbi protiv ovisnosti.

Abstract (english)

Tobacco addiction is increasingly occurring in the modern population and is a major public health problem. It is estimated that 15% of the world is addicted to tobacco, and this percentage will only grow with an accelerated lifestyle. In Croatia, 36,45% of the population actively consumes tobacco, and it is estimated that about 10.000 people die from the effects of smoking annually. The pathophysiological mechanism of tobacco dependence is heterogeneous, with nicotine playing the most important role. Through specific neuroreceptors nicotine stimulates the central nervous system to secrete primarily dopamine, thus creating a sense of comfort. Its effect on the ventral tegmental area is as such that it alters the physiological processes in the central nervous system itself. With certain drugs we try to reduce the effects of nicotine on the body and mitigate the symptoms of withdrawal. In clinical practice, nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, bupropion, nortriptyline and clonidine are currently used as main treatment modalities. Due to its simple use and low incidence of side effects, nicotine replacement therapy is currently most widely used. As the number of smokers increases worldwide, there is an increasing interest in producing more effective drugs to help combat tobacco addiction.

• Keywords: ovisnost o duhanu; nikotin; ustezanje; liječenje
• Keywords (english): tobacco dependence; nicotine; withdrawal; treatment
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:013137
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-04-22 07:12:34