Kožne manifestacije bolesti štitnjače

master's thesis

• Title (english): Thyroid disorders and skin
• Author: Maja Ilijanić
• Mentor: Suzana Ljubojević Hadžavdić (mentor)
• Committee member: Zrinka Bukvić Mokos (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Krešimir Kostović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Suzana Ljubojević Hadžavdić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Dermatology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2014-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Dermatovenerology

Abstract

Bolesti štitnjače su među najčešćima od svih endokrinoloških poremećaja. Unatoč tome mnoge od njih se ne dijagnosticiranju, uglavnom zbog nespecifičnih simptoma povezanih s bolestima štitnjače te nedostatka smjernica za rutinsko testiranje. Izmjereni serumski TSH je najspecifičniji i najosjetljiviji indikator bioloških efekata hormona štitnjače. Sniženi TSH je karakterističan za hipertireoidizam, a povišeni za hipotireoidizam. Iako postoji nekoliko slikovnih metoda koje pružaju klinički korisne informacije o promjenama štitnjače najčešće se koristi ultrazvuk. Hipertireoidizam se odnosi na stanje u kojem je koncentracija TSH snižena, a razina T3 i T4 normalna ili povišena. Hipotireoidizam se odnosi na stanje u kojem je koncentracija TSH povišena, a razina T3 i T4 normalna ili snižena. Simptomi hipertireoidizma i hipotireidizma su opći i nespecifični kao i njihove manifestacije na koži. Kod bolesnika s hipertireoidizmom na koži se najčešće javljaju svrbež i alopecija. Kratka, lomljiva i tanka kosa primjećena je u pacijenata s hipertireoidizmom, ali težina bolesti štitnjače ne podudara se sa stupnjem ispadanja kose. Hipotireoidizam karakterizira suha koža i svrbež. Najkarakterističniji klinički znak hipotireoidizma je generalizirani miksedem. Hipotireoidni pacijenti se često žale na ispadanje i sporiji rast kose. Bolesti kože i kožnih adneksa koje se povezuju sa bolestima štitnjače su: vitiligo, alopecia areata, kronična idiopatska urtikarija, seboroični dermatitis, granuloma annulare, melasma, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus i brojne druge. Metastaze u koži su neobičan nalaz za nedermatološke maligne bolest uključujući i maligne bolesti štitnjače. Većina bolesti štitnjače kontrolira se postojećom medikacijom. Nekoliko istraživanja predlaže da bi se korištenjem tiroksina mogla liječiti i patologija promjena na koži.

Abstract (english)

Thyroid diseases are among the most common of all endocrine disorders. Nevertheless, many of them cannot be diagnosed, mainly due to non-specific symptoms associated with thyroid diseases and lack of guidelines for routine testing. The measured serum TSH is the most specific and the most sensitive indicator of biological effects of thyroid hormone. Low TSH is characteristic of hyperthyroidism and high TSH of hypothyroidism. Although there are several imaging methods that provide clinically useful information about the thyroid gland, the ultrasound is most commonly used. Hyperthyroidism refers to a condition in which the concentration of TSH is decreased, and the level of T3 and T4 is normal or elevated. Hypothyroidism refers to a condition in which the concentration of TSH is increased, and the level of T3 and T4 is normal or low. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are general and non-specific as well as their skin manifestations. Two most common complaints are itching and alopecia in patients who have hyperthyroidism. Short, thin and brittle hair has been observed in patients with hyperthyroidism, but the severity of thyroid disease does not coincide with the degree of hair loss. Dry skin and itching are hallmarks of hypothyroidism. The most characteristic clinical sign of hypothyroidism is generalized myxedema. Hair shedding and slow hair growth are common complaints among hypothyroid patients. Skin diseases and diseases of skin adnexa which are associated with thyroid diseases are: vitiligo, alopecia areata, chronic idiopathic urticaria, seborrheic dermatitis, granuloma annulare, melasma, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and many others. Most thyroid diseases can be controlled by existing medication. However, some studies suggest that the use of thyroxine could cure the skin pathology.

• Keywords: bolesti štitnjače; koža; kosa
• Keywords (english): thyroid diseases; skin; hair
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:826150
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2015-11-19 08:54:00