Personalizirana metabolomika u funkciji procjene predispozicije, prepoznavanju rizika i prevenciji debljine u djece

master's thesis

• Title (english): Precision metabolomics in the function of predisposition assessment, risk recognition and prevention of childhood obesity
• Author: Lucia Mrđen
• Mentor: Mario Ćuk (mentor)
• Committee member: Danko Milošević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marija Jelušić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mario Ćuk (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Pediatrics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-07-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Pediatrics

Abstract

Prekomjerna tjelesna težina i pretilost ogroman su problem zdravstvenog sustava. Više od milijardu ljudi na svijetu ima prekomjernu tjelesnu težinu, a tristo milijuna ljudi je pretilo. Povezanost debljine s brojnim kroničnim bolestima i narušenom kvalitetom života sve više ističe važnost prevencije i rane dijagnostike prekomjerne tjelesne težine, a samim time i povezanih komplikacija. Metabolomika je jedna od grana „multi-omics“ pristupa, koja omogućava personalizirani pristup pacijentima, a bavi se analizom cjelokupnog metaboloma organizma. Zajedno sa saznanjima ostalih grana „multi omics“ pristupa otvara novu dimenziju u razumijevanju fiziologije i patologije humanog organizma te time vodi usmjerenijem i učinkovitijem liječenju. Na temelju individualizirane analize metaboloma te izračunatog metaboličkog indeksa tjelesne mase mITM, metabolomskim se pristupom puno preciznije ocjenjuje metaboličko zdravlje te procjenjuje zdravstveni rizik u odnosu na uobičajeno korištene mjere u kliničkoj praksi. Prepoznavanjem povezanosti brojnih spojeva (poput BCAA-a, spojeva iz grupe fosfolipida i androgenih hormona) s debljinom i njezinim komplikacijama, mnoge od njih čini važnim u ranom prepoznavanju patoloških metaboličkih stanja. Također, metabolomika objašnjava pojam metaboličkog programiranja putem triju hipoteza: hipernutritivne in utero hipoteze, hipoteze o ubrzanom postnatalnom dobitku na tjelesnoj težini i hipoteze neusklađenosti. Metaboličko programiranje posljedica je interakcije gena, metabolizma i nutrijenata iz okoliša te se smatra odgovornim za predispoziciju i rizike od obolijevanja od raznih bolesti, tako i sklonosti razvoju prekomjerne tjelesne težine. Metabolomika u tom kontekstu omogućuje rano prepoznavanje predispozicije i procjenu rizika za razvoj metaboličkih poremećaja, a time otvara mogućnost prevencije i rane
intervencije sa očekivanim boljim ishodima liječenja.

Abstract (english)

Overweight and obesity are major problems in the health system. More than a billion people in the world are overweight and 300 million people are obese. The association of obesity with chronic diseases and impaired quality of life emphasizes the importance of prevention and early recognition of overweight and related complications. Metabolomics is one of the branches of a multiomics approach that enables precision medicine according to the results of the analysis of the entire metabolome of the organism, and together with the other branches of a multi-omics approach offers a new dimension of
understanding the physiology and pathology of the human body, which leads to a more effective treatment. Based on the individualized analysis of metabolome and calculated metabolic body mass index mBMI, the metabolomic approach is much more accurate in assessing metabolic health and recognizing health risks compared to commonly used measures in clinical practice. Recognizing the association of metabolites, such as BCAAs, metabolites from phospholipid group, and androgenic hormones, with obesity and its complications, makes many of them important in the early detection of pathological metabolic conditions. Moreover, metabolomics explains metabolic programming through three hypotheses: fuel-mediated in utero hypothesis, accelerated postnatal growth hypothesis and mismatch hypothesis. Metabolic programming is a consequence of the interaction of genes, metabolism and environmental nutrients, and is considered
responsible for the predisposition and risks of various diseases including the tendency to develop obesity. In this context, metabolomics enables early identification of predisposition assessment and risk recognition for the development of metabolic disorders, thus opening the possibility of prevention and early intervention with expected better treatment outcomes.

• Keywords: pretilost u djece; metabolomika; personalizirana medicina
• Keywords (english): childhood obesity; human metabolomics; precision medicine
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:340765
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-09-01 09:20:34