Is Galactose a Hormetic Sugar? An Exploratory Study of the Rat Hippocampal Redox Regulatory Network

Scientific paper - Original scientific paper

• Author: Jan Homolak https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-3243
• Author: Ana Babić Perhoč
• Author: Ana Knezović
• Author: Ivan Kodvanj https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1359-3701
• Author: Davor Virag
• Author: Jelena Osmanović Barilar
• Author: Peter Riederer
• Author: Melita Šalković‐Petrišić
• Author's institution: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Croatian Institiute for Brain Research)
• Author's institution: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Pharmacology)
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Basic Medical Sciences; Pharmacology
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Basic Medical Sciences; Neuroscience

Abstract (english)

Scope: Galactose, a ubiquitous monosaccharide with incompletely understood physiology is often exploited for inducing oxidative-stress mediated aging in animals. Recent research demonstrates that galactose can conserve cellular function during periods of starvation and prevent/alleviate cognitive deficits in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The present aim is to examine the acute effects of oral galactose on the redox regulatory network (RRN).
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Methods and results: Rat plasma and hippocampal RRNs are analyzed upon acute orogastric gavage of galactose (200 mg kg-1 ). No systemic RRN disbalance is observed; however, a mild pro-oxidative shift accompanied by a paradoxical increment in tissue reductive capacity suggesting overcompensation of endogenous antioxidant systems is observed in the hippocampus. Galactose-induced increment of reductive capacity is accompanied by inflation of the hippocampal pool of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphates indicating ROS detoxification through disinhibition of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway flux, reduced neuronal activity, and upregulation of Leloir pathway gatekeeper enzyme galactokinase-1.
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Conclusion: Based on the observed findings, and in the context of previous work on galactose, a hormetic hypothesis of galactose is proposed suggesting that the protective effects may be inseparable from its pro-oxidative action at the biochemical level.

• Keywords (english): antioxidant; galactose; hormesis; oxidative stress; pentose phosphate pathway
• Language: english
• Publication type: Scientific paper - Original scientific paper
• Publication status: Published
• Peer review: Peer review
• Publication version: Accepted version
• Journal title: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
• Numbering: vol. 65, no. 21, e2100400
• p-ISSN: 1613-4125
• e-ISSN: 1613-4133
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202100400
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:039301
• Publication: 2021-11
• Project: Number: IP-2018-01-8938; Title (croatian): Mehanizmi nutrijentom posredovanih učinaka endogenog glukagonu sličnog peptida-1 na kognitivne i metaboličke poremećaje u eksperimentalnim modelima neurodegenerativnih bolesti; Acronym: NutrientGLP-1; Leader: Melita Šalković-Petrišić; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funding stream: IP
• Document URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mnfr.202100400
• Type of resource: Text
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2022-12-01
• Created on: 2021-11-16 12:19:33