Osnove imunoterapije u liječenju malignih bolesti

master's thesis

• Title (english): Principles of immunotherapy in the treatment of malignant diseases
• Author: Jan Stranjik
• Mentor: Marko Jakopović (mentor)
• Committee member: Miroslav Samaržija (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Martina Lovrić Benčić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Jakopović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-07-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Clinical Immunology

Abstract

Maligne bolesti predstavljaju veliki javnozdravstveni problem današnjice, postupno postajući najčešći uzrok smrti u razvijenim zemljama i noseći visoke stope morbiditeta. Trenutne terapijske mogućnosti su relativno bezuspješne i nose sa sobom mnoge nuspojave posljedično njihovim mehanizmima djelovanja. Stoga znanstvenici razvijaju nove pristupe u liječenju kako bi nadvladali ove prepreke. Jedan od tih pristupa je imunoterapija. Imunoterapija malignih bolesti iskorištava sposobnost imunološkog sustava domaćina da se suprotstavi rastu tumora tako što osnažuje njegove dobro uspostavljene načine odgovora na nepoznate antigene. Adoptivna imunost, predvođena T limfocitima, i urođena imunost, sastavljena od prirodnoubilačkih stanica i makrofaga, zajedno igraju bitnu ulogu u otkrivanju i u konačnici eliminaciji malignih stanica, štiteći tako domaćina od nekontroliranog tumorskog rasta. Budući da se služi ciljanim načinima djelovanja, smatra se da bi imunoterapija trebala nositi manju toksičnost, a zahvaljujući imunološkom pamćenju rezultirati dugotrajnim kliničkim odgovorom. U ovom radu pokušao sam istražiti područje imunoterapije u liječenju malignih bolesti baveći se pregledom jednih od najobećavajućih pristupa u ovom području poput inhibitora kontrolnih točki, adoptivne stanične terapije, terapijskih tumorskih cjepiva i onkolitičke viroterapije. Rad je usredotočen na biološke osnove imunoterapije malignih bolesti i dotiče se nekih gledišta poput trenutnih kliničkih primjena ove vrste terapije, njezinih izgleda u budućnosti i izazova koji tek predstoje.

Abstract (english)

Cancer is a major public health issue by becoming the number one cause of death in developed countries and causing high rates of morbidity. The current treatment options are still relatively unsuccessful and carry a lot of adverse effects due to their nonspecific mechanisms of action. Thus, scientists are developing novel approaches to overcome these hurdles. One of these approaches is immunotherapy. Cancer immunotherapy uses the capabilities of host's immune system to fight cancer by en-hancing its established ways of dealing with non-self antigens. Adoptive immunity, led by T lymphocytes, and native immunity, consisting of natural killers cells and macrophages, both play a vital role in detection and eventual destruction of malignant cells, protecting the host from uncontrolled tumor growth. Having targeted mechani-sms of action, it is thought that immunotherapy could bear less toxicity, and, due to immunological memory, it would result in durable clinical responses. In this thesis I tried to explore the field of cancer immunotherapy by reviewing some of the most promising approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, therapeutic cancer vaccines and oncolytic virotherapy. The discussion focuses on biological principles of cancer immunotherapy and touches some aspects like current clinical applications of cancer immunotherapy, its future prospects and challenges ahead.

• Keywords: novotvorine; imunoterapija; inhibitori kontrolnih točki; adoptivna imunoterapija; tumorska cjepiva
• Keywords (english): neoplasms; immunotherapy; immune checkpoint inhibitors; adoptive immunotherapy; cancer vaccines
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:879364
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-05-12 08:20:10