Potencijalna primjena nestanične DNA u neinvazivnoj dijagnostici tumora

master's thesis

• Title (english): Potential application of cell-free DNA in non-invasive tumor diagnosis
• Author: Josip Šutalo
• Mentor: Nino Sinčić (mentor)
• Committee member: Ana Katušić Bojanac (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ljiljana Šerman (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nino Sinčić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Medical Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-07-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Basic Medical Sciences; Human Genetics, Genomics and Proteomics
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Oncology

Abstract

Nestanična DNA (nsDNA, engl. cell-free DNA, cfDNA) je fragmentirana genomska DNA koja se nalazi slobodna primarno u tjelesnim tekućinama. U onkoloških pacijenata, određeni udio nsDNA potječe od tumorskih stanica kada se naziva cirkulirajuća tumorska DNA (ctDNA), a nosi informaciju o genskim i epigenetičkim promjenama neoplastično transformiranih stanica. To je osnovni postulat koji nsDNA, odnosno ctDNA, definira kao potencijalni biomarker tumora. Rutinski primjenjivane biopsije tkiva su invazivne, a ponekada otežane ili nemoguće, što potiče razvoj novih neinvazivnih pristupa i vezanih tehnologija. Stoga posljednjih godina, potencijalna primjena nsDNA kao neinvazivnog tumorskog biomarkera koji je lako dostupan posebice u perifernoj krvi pacijenta, dobiva veliku pažnju. Nestanična DNA iz tekućinskih biopsija je idealan neinvazivni biomarker tumora s mogućnosti čestog ponavljanja uzorkovanja i analize s praktički nepostojećim stresom na onkološkog pacijenta. U kliničkoj onkologiji analiza nsDNA iz tekućinskih biopsija ima potencijalnu primjenu u probiru, ranoj dijagnozi tumora, evaluaciji terapije, praćenju progresije bolesti, identifikaciji razvoja rezistencije na terapiju i prognoziranju ishoda bolesti uopće. Usprkos brzom i snažnom razvoju ovog pristupa i vezanih tehnologija, mnogi se izazovi još moraju uspješno adresirati.

Abstract (english)

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a fragmented genomic DNA that is found free in body fluids primarily. In cancer patients, a certain proportion of cfDNA originates from tumor cells when it is called circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA), and carries information about genetic and epigenetic changes of neoplastically transformed cells. This is the basic postulate that defines cfDNA, or ctDNA, as a potential tumor biomarker. Routine applications of tissue biopsy are invasive, sometimes difficult or impossible, which encourages the development of new non-invasive approaches and related technologies. Therefore, in recent years, the potential use of nsDNA as a non-invasive tumor biomarker that is readily available especially in a patient's peripheral blood is receiving much attention. Cell-free DNA from liquid biopsies is an ideal noninvasive tumor biomarker with the ability of frequently repeated sampling and analysis with virtually no stress for an oncology patient. In clinical oncology, cfDNA analysis from liquid biopsy has potential application in screening, early tumor diagnosis, evaluation of therapies, monitoring disease progression, identifying the development of resistance to therapy, and predicting disease outcomes in general. Despite the rapid and strong development of this approach and related technologies, many challenges still need to be successfully addressed.

• Keywords: nestanična DNA; cirkulirajuća tumorska DNA; biomarker; tumor; neinvazivna dijagnostika
• Keywords (english): cell-free DNA; circulating tumor DNA; biomarker; tumor; non-invasive diagnosis
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:092858
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-05-18 08:15:47