Uloga fekalne mikrobiote u bolesti i zdravlju

master's thesis

• Title (english): Role of fecal microbiota in health and disease
• Author: Andro Vujević
• Mentor: Neven Baršić (mentor)
• Committee member: Marko Brinar (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasenka Markeljević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Neven Baršić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-07-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract

Fekalna ili crijevna mikrobiota obuhvaća sve mikroorganizme koji žive u čovjekovu crijevu. Glavnina ljudske mikrobiote smještena je upravo u gastrointestinalnom traktu, a od toga najveći dio u kolonu. Obuhvaća bakterije, arheje i gljive. Najveći udio ipak čine crijevne bakterije čije su funkcije i najviše proučavane u znanstvenim istraživanjima. Crijevne bakterije imaju opsežnu metaboličku ulogu u razgradnji prehrambenih vlakana, sintezi vitamina K, proizvodnji kratkolančanih masnih kiselina, metabolizmu žučnih kiselina te proizvode razne druge metabolite kojim utječu na cjelokupni metabolizam ugljikohidrata, bjelančevina i lipida. Nadalje, komenzalne crijevne bakterije sprječavaju kolonizaciju crijeva patogenim bakterijama te tako sudjeluju u obrani organizma od infekcija. Budući da je za vrijeme trudnoće probavni sustav djeteta gotovo sterilan, crijevne bakterije su nakon rođenja djeteta važne za sazrijevanje imunosnog sustava te i kasnije tijekom života imaju veliki utjecaj na imunitet i autoimunost. Fekalna mikrobiota je i u bliskom kontaktu s enteričkim živčanim sustavom te tako utječe na osovinu crijevo – mozak. Promjene fekalne mikrobiote (disbioze) u vidu prekomjerne proliferacije određenih bakterija ili pak smanjenja raznolikosti cjelokupne mikrobiote povezane su s bolestima poput proljeva uzrokovanog s C.difficile, pretilošću, dijabetesom tipa 2, upalnim bolestima crijeva, autoimunim bolestima, neuropsihijatrijskim bolestima i dr. Saznanjima o povezanosti tih promjena i navedenih bolesti pokušava se terapijski utjecati na fekalnu mikrobiotu te su neke od metoda utjecaja na fekalnu mikrobiotu već u rutinskoj primjeni u brojnim zemljama. Ovaj rad donosi pregled različitih uloga crijevnih mikroorganizama u zdravlju i bolesti te mogućeg terapijskog učinka aktivnim utjecanjem na fekalnu mikrobiotu.

Abstract (english)

Fecal or gut microbiota includes all microorganisms that are living in human intestine. The majority of whole human microbiota is located in gastrointestinal system, with the largest share being in colon. It encompasses bacteria, archea and fungi. The biggest part of gut microbiota consists of gut bacteria whose functions are also most thoroughly researched. Gut bacteria have extensive metabolic function in digestion of dietary fiber, vitamin K synthesis, production of short-chain fatty acids, bile acids metabolism and they produce various metabolites which affect complete carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, commensal gut bacteria are preventing the colonization of gut by pathogenic bacteria and thereby defending the organism from infections. Considering the fact that the gastrointestinal system of an infant in utero is almost sterile, gut bacteria is important for maturation of innate immune system and have long term impact on immune system and autoimmunity. Fecal microbiota is also in close contact with enteric nerve system and affects gut-brain axis. Changes of fecal microbiota (dysbiosis) in the form of excessive proliferation of certain bacteria or decreasing of microbiota diversity are associated with diseases such as: diarrhea caused by C.difficile, obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, autoimmune diseases, neuropsychiatric diseases and other. The knowledge of this links to therapeutic efforts that are aimed to change harmful changes of fecal microbiota. Some of those therapeutic efforts are routinely applied in many countries. This paper reviews the role of gut microorganisms in health and disease and possible therapeutic effects on fecal microbiota.

• Keywords: fekalna mikrobiota; funkcije; terapija
• Keywords (english): fecal microbiota; function; therapy
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:069411
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-05-20 08:26:18