Obrazovanje medicinskih sestara u Republici Hrvatskoj i svijetu tijekom povijesti i u današnje vrijeme

master's thesis

• Author: Denis Toma
• Mentor: Tea Vukušić Rukavina (mentor)
• Committee member: Marjeta Majer (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vera Musil (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tea Vukušić Rukavina (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Medical Sociology and Health Economics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Public Health and Health Care; Public Health

Abstract

Praksa medicinskih sestara seže daleko u prošlost. Isprva se teorijsko i praktičko
znanje temeljilo na principu pokušaja – pogreške te se praksa provodila intuitivno. Kasniji
su naraštaji shvatili važnost bilježenja određenih stanja i ljekovitih svojstava prirodne
materije. Povijesni spisi poslužili su brojnim kulturama u skrbi i liječenju bolesnih.
Sestrinstvo kao profesija kroz povijest je pratilo razvoj društvenih trendova pa su se tako
u početku za bolesne skrbili uglavnom muškarci (šamani i magovi). Postepeno, nakon
brojnih neuspješnih pokušaja čaranja, skrb za bolesne preuzimale su obitelji, uglavnom
žene. Tijekom godina otvarale su se specijalne ustanove za skrb bolesnih. Prve
medicinske sestre bile su žene iz vjerničkih obitelji koje su započele edukaciju mlađih
naraštaja iz područja njege potrebitih. Nakon tamnog razdoblja čovječanstva, za čije su
se razdoblje o bolesnima skrbili neuki pojedinci, započinje era razvoja suvremenog
sestrinstva koje obilježava ciljana edukacija i školovanje medicinskih sestara. Upravo
danas naobrazba medicinskih sestara doživljava najveće promjene, od uvođenja
petogodišnjeg srednjoškolskog obrazovanja do obrazovanja medicinskih sestara na
visokim sveučilištima i ulaska sestara u znanstveno- nastavna zvanja. Stoga se u današnje
vrijeme, povijesno prikazujući načine obrazovanja medicinskih sestara, ali i početke
sestrinske prakse u Republici Hrvatskoj, uočavaju brojne promjene u poimanju
sestrinstva kao važne zdravstvene i odgojno-obrazovne djelatnosti. Pritom se poseban
naglasak stavlja na suvremeni kurikulum obrazovanja medicinskih sestara koje se sve
više potiču na daljnje obrazovanje, odnosno upisivanje preddiplomskog, diplomskog i
doktorskog studija.

Abstract (english)

The practice of nursing goes far back in time. At first, the theoretical and practical
knowledge was based on the trial and error principle, so the practice was conducted
intuitively. Later generations realized the importance of recording certain conditions and
medicinal properties of natural substances. Historical writings have served many cultures
in care and healing sick. Nursing as a profession throughout history has followed the
development of social trends and in the beginning, the sick were cared for mainly by men
(shamans and magicians). Gradually, after numerous unsuccessful attempts at
enchantment, care for the sick was taken over by their family, mostly women. Over the
years, special care facilities started opening. The first nurses were women from religious
families which have begun educating the younger generations in the field of care for the
sick and needy. After the dark ages, in which the sick were cared for by ignorant
individuals, era of development of modern nursing is beginning and it is characterized by
targeted education and schooling nurses. Nowadays, the education of nurses is
experiencing the greatest changes, starting from the introduction of five-year high school
education to education at higher universities and the entry of nurses into teachingscientific fields. Therefore, historically showing ways of nurse education, but also the
beginnings of nursing practice in the Republic of Croatia, numerous changes in the notion
of nursing as important health and educational activities are observed. In doing so, special
emphasis is placed on the modern education curriculum which are increasingly
encouraging nurses for further education that is, enrollment undergraduate, graduate and
doctoral studies.

• Keywords: sestrinstvo; obrazovanje; kompetencije; povijesni pregled
• Keywords (english): nursing; education; competencies; historical overview
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:358466
• Study programme: Title: Studies in Nursing; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra sestrinstva (magistar/magistra sestrinstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-06-07 13:20:51