Fekalna transplantacija

master's thesis

• Title (english): Fecal transplantation
• Author: Borna Antončić
• Mentor: Tajana Filipec Kanižaj (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivica Grgurević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasenka Markeljević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tajana Filipec Kanižaj (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract

Mikrobiota je naziv za sve mikroorganizme koji žive u simbiozi u i na ljudskom tijelu. Njihov broj premašuje broj ljudskih stanice odraslog čovjeka. Najviše ih ima i najraznolikije su u probavnom sustavu, točnije u debelom crijevu. Nova istraživanja pokazuju sve veću povezanost mikrobiote i njihovih poremećaja s raznim bolestima, prvenstveno bolestima gastrointestinalnog sustava. Fekalna transplantacija novija je terapijska tehnika kojom se mikrobiota dobivena obradom fekalnog materijala zdravog donora presađuje u bolesnog pojedinca s ciljem vraćanja njegove mikrobiote u normalu. Postoje razne tehnike fekalne transplantacije – preko oralnih kapsula, nazoduodenalne (ND) ili nazojejunalne (NJ) sonde, gastroskopski, kolonoskopski ili putem retencijske klizme. Danas se fekalna transplantacija najviše koristi za liječenje rekurentnih infekcija bakterijom C. difficile (rCDI) nastalih poremećajem zdrave mikrobiote zbog korištenja antibiotika, u prvom redu klindamicina. U liječenju ove bolesti fekalna je transplantacija ušla u svakodnevnicu te su razvijeni protokoli liječenja. Od ostalih gastrointestinalnih bolesti najviše se istraživanja provodi na području liječenja upalne bolesti crijeva te sindroma iritabilnog crijeva. Rezultati istraživanja su obečavajući i iako je potrebno provesti još većih istraživanja koja bi potvrdila korist ove terapija, definirala nuspojave i komplikacije i utvrdila najbolji algoritam provedbe terapije, čini se kako će se fekalna transplantacija u budućnosti sve više koristiti kao izvrsna metoda liječenja.

Abstract (english)

Microbiota is defining all the microorganisms living inside and on top the human body. Looking at their numbers alone, there are more microorganisms constituting the microbiota than there are human cells in one adult human. Most of them live in the digestive tract, more precisely in the colon, where they are also the most diverse. New studies show an important connection between the microbiota and the disturbances in normal microbiota with various diseases, primarily diseases of the digestive tract. Fecal transplantation is a new therapeutic technique which transfers the healthy microbiota from the processed fecal material of a healthy donor inside a patient with dysbiosis with the aim of achieving a normal microbiota once again in the patient. There are many different techniques for fecal transplantation – oral capsules, ND/NJ tubes, gastroscopy, colonoscopy and retention enema. Today, fecal transplantation is mostly used in treating recurrent C. difficle infections (rCDI), which occurs because of a dysbiosis as a consequence of antibiotic use, primarily the use of clindamycin. Fecal transplantation became standard therapy in treatment of this disease with many treatment protocols being developed. Infalmmatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome are the other gastrointestinal diseases for which research about using fecal transplantation in treatment is mostly being performed. The results of these studies are promising, and although many more bigger studies concerning the success of this therapy, defining side effects and complications and the best algorithm for it’s use, need to be performed, it looks as though in the future fecal transplantation is going to be used even more as an excellent treatment option.

• Keywords: mikrobiota; fekalna transplantacija; rCDI; IBD; IBS
• Keywords (english): microbiota; fecal transplantation; rCDI; IBD; IBS
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:381440
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-01-02 10:34:27