Porijeklo, morfologija i funkcija intersticijskih neurona bijele tvari u mozgu čovjeka

master's thesis

• Title (english): Origin, morphology and function of white matter interstitial neurons in the human brain
• Author: Matija Pavišić
• Mentor: Goran Sedmak (mentor)
• Committee member: Miloš Judaš (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zdravko Petanjek (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Goran Sedmak (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Physiology and Immunology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Basic Medical Sciences; Neuroscience

Abstract

Neopravdano povijesno zanemarivani intersticijski neuroni bijele tvari dobivaju sve više pozornosti u istraživanjima zadnjih pola stoljeća. S obzirom da su to zapravo opstale živčane stanice najranijih neurona ključne embrionalne subplate zone fetalnog središnjeg živčanog sustava, mnogi bi se složili da je zanimanje razložno. Identificirani prije otprilike 150 godina, prvo su proglašeni normalnim nalazom u bijeloj tvari mozga čovjeka, da bi se mnijenje promijenilo početkom prošlog stoljeća kada su ih pojedini neuropatolozi smatrali za patološku pojavu u određenim neurološkim poremećajima. Danas intersticijske neurone ipak poznajemo kao bitne morfološki heterogene sastavnice bijele tvari mozga čovjeka čija je prosječna brojnost od pola milijarde, u postotcima: konzervativnom procjenom oko 3% ukupnog broja neurona kore mozga čovjeka, korak ka dokazu bitnosti funkcije. Usporedbe radi, navedeni broj neurona je deset puta veći od količine neurona talamusa i čak pedeset puta veći od količine neurona amigdale. Prisutni kroz cijelu subkortikalnu bijelu tvar, intersticijski neuroni se morfološki mogu klasificirati u dvije velike skupine: intersticijske neurone piramidalne morfologije, koji se češće nalaze u krunama girusa, i intersticijske neurone interneuronske morfologije koji se češće pronalaze ispod dna sulkusa. Iako je do danas njihova funkcija ostala relativno neistražena i nepoznata, pretpostavlja se da razmjerno visoka gustoća intersticijskih neurona u blizini moždanog korteksa omogućuje sudjelovanje u bitnim funkcijama kortikalnog sklopa: regulaciji protoka informacija prema moždanoj kori, regulaciji budnosti te regulaciji lokalne mikrocirkulacije.

Abstract (english)

The interstitial neurons of the white matter, historically neglected for no reason, are receiving more and more attention in the research of the last half century. Given that these are actually surviving nerve cells of the earliest neurons of the key embryonic subplate zone of the fetal CNS, many would agree that the interest is reasonable. Identified approximately 150 years ago, they were first declared a normal finding in the white matter of the human brain, but the opinion changed at the beginning of the last century when some neuropathologists considered them to be a pathological phenomenon in certain neurological disorders. Today, however, we know WMIN as important morphologically heterogeneous components of the white matter of the human brain, whose average number is half a billion, in percentages: a conservative estimate of about 3% of the total number of neurons in the human cortex, a step towards proving the importance of the function. For the sake of comparison, the stated number of neurons is ten times greater than those in the thalamus and even fifty times greater than those in the amygdala. Present throughout the entire subcortical white matter, WMIN can be morphologically classified into two large groups: interstitial neurons with a pyramidal morphology, which are more often found in the crowns of the gyrus, and interstitial neurons with an interneuronal morphology, which are more often found at the bottom of the sulcus. Although their function remains relatively unexplored and unknown to date, it is assumed that the relatively high density of WMIN near the cerebral cortex enables participation in essential functions of the cortical system: regulation of the flow of information to the cerebral cortex, regulation of wakefulness and regulation of local microcirculation.

• Keywords: subplate zona; intersticijski neuroni; mozak čovjeka
• Keywords (english): subplate zone; interstitial neurons; human brain
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:948076
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-01-26 10:07:20