Usporedbena anatomija dišnog sustava čovjeka i ostalih kralježnjaka

master's thesis

• Title (english): Comparative anatomy of respiratory system in humans and other vertebrates
• Author: Ivo Radetić
• Mentor: Dubravko Jalšovec (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivan Banovac (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zdravko Petanjek (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dubravko Jalšovec (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Basic Medical Sciences; Anatomy

Abstract

Dišni sustav, u suradnji s cirkulacijskim potpomaže izmjenu plinova između organizma i njegove okoline.
Primarni dišni organi uključuju škrge i pluća. Škrge su razvijene za disanje u vodi, u kojoj je tok respiratornog medija preko vaskularnih površina jednosmjeran. Pluća su evolucijski razvijena za disanje na zraku i pomiču zrak dvosmjerno radi izmjene plinova između zraka i krvi. Sekundarni dišni organi uključuju pokrovni sustav, odnosno kožu i trepetljike. Mehanizmi disanja mogu se podijeliti na mehanizme korištene za pokretanje vode i na mehanizme korištene za pokretanje zraka. Voda se u riba pokreće dvojnom pumpom, a zrak se pokreće bukalnom pumpom u vodozemaca i aspiracijskom pumpom u gmazova, ptica i sisavaca. Dišne sustave svih opisanih razreda kralježnjaka odlikuju mnoge prilagodbe na okoliš u kojemu oni obitavaju, no s obzirom na učinkovitost izdvajanja kisika i otpuštanja ugljikova dioksida i energetsku zahtjevnost ventilacije, ptice imaju evolutivno najbolje razvijen dišni sustav.

Abstract (english)

The respiratory system, coupled with the circulatory system, supports the exchange of gases between the organism and its environment.
Primary respiratory organs include the gills and the lungs. The gills are designed to breathe in water and the flow of water is unidirectional to the vascular surfaces where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. The lungs are designed to breathe air and usually move air in both directions for gas exchange between air and blood. Secondary breathing organs are the integumentary system and cilia. Respiratory mechanisms can be divided into mechanisms used to move water and mechanisms used to move air. Water is driven via dual pump in fish, while air is driven via buccal pump in amphibians and via aspiration pump in reptiles, birds, and mammals.
All the aforementioned classes of vertebrates show many adaptations to the environment in which they live, but given the efficiency of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide release as well as energy requirements of ventilation, birds have the best developed respiratory system.

• Keywords: usporedbena anatomija; morfologija; dišni sustav; kralježnjaci
• Keywords (english): comparative anatomy; morphology; respiratory system; vertebrates
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:791608
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-02-10 10:06:31