Title Značenje alternansa T vala u kardiološkoj dijagnostici
Title (english) The significance of T-wave alternans in cardiac diagnostics
Author Kristina Štajminger
Mentor Mislav Puljević (mentor)
Committee member Jure Samardžić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Martina Lovrić Benčić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Mislav Puljević (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb School of Medicine (Department of Internal Medicine) Zagreb
Defense date and country 2022-09-20, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Internal Medicine
Abstract Alternans T vala (TWA) u elektrokardiografiji predstavlja fenomen oscilacije oblika i/ili amplitude T vala od jednog do drugog srčanog otkucaja, a njegov nastanak objašnjava se pomoću dviju potencijalnih hipoteza. Prva govori o restituciji trajanja akcijskog potencijala, a druga o restituciji kalcija. TWA pokazuje ovisnost o frekvenciji, temperaturi, cirkadijanim varijacijama, ali i aktivaciji autonomnog živčanog sustava (AŽS). Moguće je utjecati na amplitudu i spriječiti TWA farmakološkim opcijama ili vanjskim mehaničkim djelovanjem pomoću transkutane električne stimulacije nervusa vagusa (TENS), stimulacije leđne moždine ili isporukom ICD šoka. Brojne su elektrofiziološke studije pokazale da je repolarizacijski alternans važan pokazatelj srčane električne nestabilnosti, a time i podložnosti razvoju ventrikularnim tahiartimijskim epizodama (VTE) i iznenadnoj srčanoj smrti (ISS). Pravovremena detekcija porasta TWA iz površinskih ili intrakardijalnih EKG otvara mogućnosti za razvoj novih metoda upozorenja i prestanka aritmija isporukom električnih impulsa ili farmakoloških supstanci putem mikro-elektromehaničkih sustava (MEMS) kako bi se spriječila potencijalna ISS. Radi se o smrti nastaloj zbog kardiovaskularnog uzroka koja je nastupila unutar jednog sata od pojave simptoma. Bolest koronarnih arterija najčešći je uzrok ISS, a odgovorna je za čak 80% svih slučajeva. U odraslih pacijenata sa strukturalnom bolešću srca, pozitivan MTWA prilikom vježbanja niskog intenziteta pokazao se kao efikasan marker podložnosti nastanku ventrikularnih aritmija. Pritom je Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) najšire upotrebljavana spektralna metoda za njegovu procjenu. Prognostička korist od TWA najveća je u pacijenata s ishemijskom bolesti srca, nakon MI i neishemijske kardiomiopatije, osobito pri procjeni i razmatranju podobnosti kandidata za ICD. Multifaktorijalni model temeljen na strategiji istodobnog korištenja više markera različitih aspekata elektroanatomskog supstrata (CAD, LVEF i MTWA) pruža značajno preciznije predviđanje rizika za ISS, stoga čini dobar izbor pri racionalnoj, financijski isplativoj odluci o ugradnji ICD, te onoj s najmanje komplikacija za pacijente.
Abstract (english) In electrocardiography, T wave alternans (TWA) represents the phenomenon of oscillation of the shape and/or amplitude of the T wave from one heart beat to the next, and its origin is explained by two potential hypotheses. The first one talks about restitution of action potential duration, and the second one about calcium restitution. TWA shows dependence on frequency, temperature, circadian variations, but also activation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It is possible to influence the amplitude and prevent TWA with pharmacologic options or external mechanical action using transcutaneous electrical vagus nerve stimulation (TENS), spinal cord stimulation, or ICD shock delivery. Numerous electrophysiological studies have shown that repolarization alternans is an important indicator of cardiac electrical instability, and thus susceptibility to the development of ventricular tachyarrhythmia episodes (VTE) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Timely detection of increased TWA from surface or intracardiac ECGs opens opportunities to develop new methods of warning and terminating arrhythmias by delivering electrical impulses or pharmacological substances via micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) to prevent potential SCD. It is a death due to a cardiovascular cause that occurred within one hour of the onset of symptoms. Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of SCD, and is responsible for as many as 80% of all cases. In adult patients with structural heart disease, a positive MTWA during low-intensity exercise proved to be an effective marker of susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is the most widely used spectral method for its evaluation. The prognostic utility of TWA is greatest in patients with ischemic heart disease, post-MI and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, particularly when assessing and considering ICD candidates. A multifactorial model based on the strategy of simultaneously using multiple markers of different aspects of the electroanatomical substrate (CAD, LVEF and MTWA) provides a significantly more accurate risk prediction for SCD, therefore it makes a good choice for a rational, financially profitable decision to implant an ICD, and the one with the least complications for patients.
Keywords
alternans T valova
kardiomiopatija
iznenadna srčana smrt
elektrokardiogram
implantabilni kardioverter defibrilator
Keywords (english)
T‐wave alternans
cardiomyopathy
sudden cardiac death
electrocardiogram
implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:105:952344
Study programme Title: Medicine Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2023-03-06 08:39:43