Uloga medicinske sestre u ranom prepoznavanju nuspojava kod primjene antipsihotične terapije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Role of the nurse in the early recognition of antipsychotic drug treatment side effects
• Author: Dina Bonjeković
• Mentor: Rudolf Gregurek (mentor)
• Committee member: Milena Skočić Hanžek (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dražen Begić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Rudolf Gregurek (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-07-01, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Psychiatry

Abstract

Otkriće i primjena antipsihotika doveli su do snažnog uzleta u terapiji psihotičnih poremećaja. Mehanizam njihovog djelovanja uključuje i pojavu neželjenih štetnih učinaka sa strane neurološkog i neneurološkog sustava koji izazivaju nezadovoljstvo bolesnika što rezultira odbijanjem suradnje prilikom uzimanja lijeka pa sve do agresije prema medicinskom osoblju. Neurološke nuspojave najviše su izražene kod primjene klasičnih antipsihotika poput promazina i haloperidola i uključuju pojavu sedacije, tremora, ekstrapiramidnih simptoma od koji je najozbiljnija tardivna diskinezija. Najopasnija neurološka nuspojava za bolesnika je maligni neuroleptični sindrom, po život opasno stanje koje se može javiti u svakom trenutku liječenja, prilikom primjene bilo kojeg psihofarmaka. Štetni učinci sa strane ostalih organskih sustava pojavljuju se češće kod primjene antipsihotika novije generacije i uključuju metaboličke, endokrinološke, kardiovaskularne, gastrointestinalne, hematološke, dermatološke i oftalmološke promjene. Uloga medicinske sestre u prepoznavanju štetnih učinaka antipsihotične terapije uključuje strategije nadzora, podučavanja, suradnje i zaštite bolesnika. Ona najviše vremena provede uz bolesnika i u mogućnosti je na vrijeme utvrditi promjene, pratiti reakciju i adekvatno intervenirati. U okviru skrbi za mentalno oboljele osobe sa psihotičnim poremećajem od velike je važnosti sposobnost stvaranja terapijskog odnosa s bolesnikom, a u svrhu stvaranja osjećaja sigurnosti i povjerenja. Procjena intelektualnih mogućnosti svakog pojedinog bolesnika važna je u primjeni prikladnih aktivnosti u svrhu ublažavanja intrapsihičke tenzije. Rano prepoznavanje štetnih simptoma i pravilna sestrinska skrb koja uključuje individualno planirane intervencije usmjerene rješavanju problema i zadovoljenju osnovnih bolesnikovih potreba preduvjet su kvalitetnijeg i samostalnijeg funkcioniranja bolesnika, što dovodi do smanjenja osjećaja straha i bolje suradljivosti u primjeni terapeutskih postupaka.

Abstract (english)

The discovery and application of antipsychotics led to a strong boost in the treatment of psychotic disorders. The mechanism of their action also includes the adverse effects of the neurological and non-neurological system that cause dissatisfaction of the patient resulting in refusal of co-operation when taking medication and aggression towards medical staff. Neurological side effects are most prominent in the use of classical antipsychotics such as promazine and haloperidol and include the occurrence of sedation, tremors, extrapyramidal symptoms, of which the most severe is tardive dyskinesia. The most dangerous neurological adverse event for a patient is a malignant neuroleptic syndrome, a life-threatening condition that can occur at any time of treatment when applying any psychopharmaceuticals. Harmful effects on the part of other organic systems appear more frequently in the application of antipsychotics of the newer generation and include metabolic, endocrinological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, haematological, dermatological and ocular changes. Role of the nurses in the recognition of harmful effects of antipsychotic therapy includes strategies for monitoring, teaching, co-operation and patient protection. Nurses spend most time with the patient and are able to detect changes in time, monitor the reaction, and intervene adequately. Within the framework of care for mentally ill people with a psychotic disorder, the ability to create a therapeutic relationship with the patient, in order to achieve sense of security and trust, is of great importance. Assessing the intellectual capabilities of each patient individually is important in the application of appropriate activities for alleviating intrapsychic tension. Early recognition of harmful symptoms and proper nursing care that involves individually planned interventions aimed at solving problems and meeting basic needs are a prerequisite for a better and independent functioning of patients, reduction in the feeling of fear and better co-operation in the application of therapeutic procedures.

• Keywords: antipsihotici; nuspojave; medicinska sestra; sestrinska skrb
• Keywords (english): antipsychotics; side effects; nurse; nursing care.
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:973762
• Study programme: Title: Studies in Nursing; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra sestrinstva (magistar/magistra sestrinstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-03-08 09:15:34