Dobrobiti i rizici oralne hormonske kontracepcije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Benefits and risks of oral hormonal contraception
• Author: Gabrijela Tuba
• Mentor: Tatjana Pavelić Turudić (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivanka Bekavac Vlatković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Željko Duić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tatjana Pavelić Turudić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Gynecology and Obstetrics

Abstract

Od otkrića oralne hormonske kontracepcije (OHK) prošlo je više od 60 godina te je to danas najčešća metoda kontracepcije koju koriste milijuni žena u svijetu. Oralni kontraceptivi izbor su mnogih žena zbog njihove jednostavne primjene te zbog reverzibilnosti njihovog učinka na sprječavanje trudnoće. Primarna uloga oralnih kontraceptiva jest sprječavanje ovulacije i trudnoće njihovim inhibitornim djelovanjem na hipotalamo-hipofizno-ovarijsku os. Inhibicija ovulacije je reverzibilna što ima važnu ulogu u planiranju obitelj.
Osim kao metoda kontracepcije, OHK se koristi i kao metoda liječenja različitih ginekoloških bolesti. Primjenom OHK postiže se kontrola menstruacijskog ciklusa, uočena je smanjenje pojavnosti izvanmaterničnih trudnoća, zdjelične upalne bolesti, funkcionalnih cista jajnika te osteoporoze. Prema nekim istraživanjima OHK smanjuje incidenciju karcinoma jajnika, endometrija te karcinoma debelog crijeva.
Od nuspojava je primjećeno privremeno povećanje kardiovaskularnog rizika te neoplastični rizik koji se povlače nedugo nakon prestanka primjene OKH. Kardiovaskularni rizici očituju se povećanom pojavnošću trombotskih događaja. Povećanje neoplastičnog rizika nije u potpunosti istraženo, no u nekim istraživanjima uočena je povezanost njihove primjene s nastankom karcinoma dojke i vrata maternice.
Unatoč tome, smatra se da su dobrobiti primjene OHK brojnije od rizika te da nekontracepcijski učinci doprinose poboljšanju reproduktivnog zdravlja.

Abstract (english)

More than sixty years have passed since the discovery of oral hormonal contraception (OHC) and it is the most common method of contraception used by millions of women in the world today. Oral contraceptives are the choice of many women because it is easy to use the method and because its effects on pregnancy prevention are reversible. The primary role of oral contraceptives is to prevent ovulation and pregnancy by their inhibitory effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Inhibition of ovulation is reversible which has an important role in family planning.
Apart from being a method of contraception, oral hormonal contraception is being used as a method of treatment for various gynecological diseases. The use of OHC achieves control of the menstrual cycle, and a reduction in the incidence of ectopic pregnancies, pelvic inflammatory disease, functional ovarian cysts, and osteoporosis has been observed. According to some studies, OHK reduces the incidence of ovarian, endometrial, and colon cancers.
Among the side effects, the most important is a temporary increase in cardiovascular risk and neoplastic risk, which disappear shortly after stopping the use of OKH. Cardiovascular risks are manifested by an increased incidence of thrombotic events. The increase in neoplastic risk has not been fully investigated, but some studies have observed a connection between their use and the occurrence of breast and cervical cancer.
Despite this, the benefits of using OHK outweigh the risks and that the non- contraceptive effects contribute to improving reproductive health.

• Keywords: oralna hormonska kontracepcija; dobrobiti; rizici
• Keywords (english): oral hormonal contraception; benefits; risks
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:235006
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-03-20 09:25:42