| Abstract | Acne mechanica poseban je oblik akne koji nastaje zbog izlaganja kože mehaničkim čimbenicima, kao što su pritisak, trenje ili trljanje. Osim mehaničkih čimbenika, u etiopatogenezi ovog oblika akne važnu ulogu imaju i toplina, vlaga, okluzija te disbioza. Najčešće se radi o egzacerbaciji blagog ili umjereno teškog oblika acne vulgaris. Ipak, acne mechanica se često povezuje s različitim zanimanjima, kao što su igrači američkog nogometa, plesači, glazbenici te zdravstveni djelatnici. Pojavom pandemije bolesti COVID-19 uočen je porast broja osoba koje su razvile poseban podtip acne mechanica koji je uzrokovan dugotrajnim nošenjem zaštitne maske za lice, koji je nazvan maskne. Acne mechanica se klinički prezentira pojavom papula, pustula i nodula na mjestima djelovanja mehaničke sile, dok se komedoni gotovo nikada ne nalaze. Također, raspodjela lezija razlikuje se od one u acne vulgaris. Sukladno tome, acne mechanica opisana je ne samo u predjelu lica, ramena, leđa i prsiju, nego i na vratu, rukama i glutealnoj regiji. Dijagnoza acne mechanica postavlja se na temelju anamneze i kliničke slike. Prva linija liječenja je uklanjanje podražaja, što često dovodi do spontane regresije bolesti. Ako ne dođe do povlačenja promjena potrebno je liječenje lokalnom terapijom kao što su kombinacije benzoil peroksida i adapalena te benzoil peroksida i klindamicina. U srednje teškom obliku acne mechanica ili u slučaju neučinkovitosti lokalne terapije, uz lokalnu terapiju primjenjuju se i sustavni antibiotici. Najčešće se primjenjuju tetraciklini, kao što su doksiciklin i limeciklin. |
| Abstract (english) | Acne mechanica is a specific type of acne that occurs as a result of exposing the skin to mechanical factors, such as pressure, friction, or rubbing. In addition to mechanical factors, heat, moisture, occlusion, and dysbiosis also play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of this type of acne. Most commonly, acne mechanica represents an exacerbation of a mild or moderately severe form of acne vulgaris. However, acne mechanica is often associated with various professions such as American football players, dancers, musicians, and medical professionals. The outbreak of the COVID-19 disease pandemic led to an increase in the number of people who have developed a special subtype of acne mechanica caused by the long-term wearing of a protective face mask, which is called maskne. Acne mechanica is clinically presented by the appearance of papules, pustules, and nodules at the sites of action of mechanical factors, while comedones are almost never found. Also, this disorder is characterized by an unusual distribution of lesions. Accordingly, acne mechanica has been described not only on the face, shoulders, back, and chest but also on the neck, arms, and gluteal regions. The diagnosis of acne mechanica is based on anamnesis and clinical features. The first line of treatment is the removal of stimuli, which often leads to spontaneous regression of the disease. If there is no withdrawal of lesions, treatment with topical therapy such as combinations of benzoyl peroxide and adapalene or benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin is required. In the moderate form of acne mechanica or in case of ineffectiveness of the local therapy, in addition to topical treatment, systemic antibiotics are used. Tetracyclines, such as doxycycline and lymecycline, are the most used antibiotics. |
