| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi vremenske i prostorne varijacije peludnog spektra u Gradu Zagrebu i Žagrebačkoj županiji po prostornim mikrolokacijama, te učestalost inhalacijskih alergija u odrasloj populaciji s postavljanjem odnosa alergen/pacijent.
Istraživanje se sastojalo iz dva dijela: aerobiološko i epidemiološko, koje se provodilo standardiziranim metodama.
Rezultati su pokazali da mikroregionalno postoje statistički značajne razlike u prosječnim ukupnim godišnjim koncentracijama svih vrsta peluda. Za pojedine vrste peluda to se odnosilo na pelud taksona Betula spp. i Ambrosia spp. gdje su nađene statistički značajne razlike između sjeverne i zapadne mikrolokacije (prevladavao pelud breze) i južne i istočne (prevladavao pelud ambrozije), te na pelud johe, hrasta i pelina kao i na alergene grinja. Od ukupno 2192 pacijenta na pelud je bilo senzibilizirano 86,72%, na grinje 36,45%, spore gljiva i plijesni 2,46% i na ostale alergene u čiju skupinu spadaju alergeni žohara, perje i životinjske dlake 5,1% pacijenata. Najveći broj pacijenata alergičnih na peludne alergene bio je senzibiliziran na alergene iz peluda biljaka koje pripadaju botaničkoj porodici trava 46,91%, ambrozije 42,07%, breze 25,66%, lijeske 15,19%. Bez obzira na mjesto stanovanja, najviše je pacijenata bilo senzibilizirano na peludne alergene trava, ali bez statistički značajnih razlika u udjelima alergičnih pacijenata obzirom na mjesto stanovanja. U sjevernim i zapadnim dijelovima grada i županije najviše je pacijenata bilo senzibilizirano na peludne alergene breze dok je na južnim i istočnim lokacijama prevladavao udio senzibiliziranih na ambroziju. Između urbane i ruralne populacije nisu nađene statistički značajne razlike u udjelima pacijenata alergičnih na pojedine alergene. Pojačani simptomi bolesti kod pacijenata alergičnih na peludne alergene su se u cijelom razdoblju istraživanja podudarali sa razdobljima peludnih sezona.
Može se zaključiti da mikroregionalno postoje statistički značajne razlike u koncentracijama peluda u zraku i udjelu senzibiliziranih osoba samo na neke vrste inhalatornih alergena.
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| Abstract (english) | The aim of this study was to determine the temporal and spatial variations of pollen spectra in the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County according to spatial microlocations and frequency of inhalation allergy in the adult population by setting the allergen / patient relationship.
The research consisted of two parts: aerobiological and epidemiological, which was conducted with standardized methods.
The results showed microregional statistically significant differences in average total annual pollen concentrations of all kinds. For certain types of pollen to be related to pollen taxa Betula spp. and Ambrosia spp. where significant differences were found between the Northern and Western microlocations (dominated birch pollen) and Southern and Eastern (dominant ragweed pollen), and the pollen of alder, oak and wormwood and the mite allergens. From a total of 2192 patients to pollen were sensitized 86.72%, 36.45% of dust mites, fungi and mold spores 2.46% and other allergens in whose group includes cockroaches allergens, feathers and animal hair (5.1% of patients). Most patients (46.91%) allergic to pollen allergens were sensitized to the pollen allergens of plants that belong to the botanical family of grasses, 42.07% to ragweed pollen, 25.66% birch, hazel 15.19%. Regardless of where they live, most patients were sensitized to grass pollen allergens, but no statistically significant difference in the proportion of allergic patients given the place of residence. In Northern and Western parts of the city and county, most patients were sensitized to birch pollen allergens, while the Southern and Eastern locations predominant proportion sensitized to ragweed. Between urban and rural populations revealed no statistically significant differences in the proportion of patients allergic to certain allergens. Increased symptoms in patients allergic to pollen allergens are in the whole period of research coincided with the periods of pollen season.
Our results show statistically significant differences in concentrations of pollen in the air and the proportion of sensitized individuals to only some kinds of inhaled allergens according to microlocations.
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