Prirođene i stečene aplastične anemije u djece

master's thesis

• Title (english): Congenital and acquired aplastic anemia in children
• Author: Monika Žepić
• Mentor: Josip Konja (mentor)
• Committee member: Ljubica Rajić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marija Jelušić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Josip Konja (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Pediatrics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Pediatrics

Abstract

Aplastična anemija je bolest u kojoj koštana srž ne može proizvesti krvne stanice: eritrocite, leukocite i trombocite. Posljedično tome nastaje pancitopenija, stanje kad su razine svih triju krvnih loza u cirkulirajućoj krvi jako niske. Bolest ponajviše pogađa osobe u dobi od 15 do 24 godine, ali također djecu ispod 15 godina starosti kao i osobe iznad 60. Dva su oblika ove bolesti: prirođena i stečena aplastična anemija. Prirođena aplastična anemija je, u usporedbi sa stečenom, rijetka. Uzrokovana je genetskim poremećajem. Stečenu aplastičnu anemiju uzrokuju različiti toksini, lijekovi i zračenja koji mogu potaknuti abnormalnu rekaciju našeg imunološkog sustava. Znakovi i simptomi aplastične anemije proizlaze iz niske razine triju krvnih loza. Osobe oboljele od ove bolesti imaju povećani rizik od infekcija, krvarenja te su obično blijede i prati ih neprestani osjećaj umora. Dijagnoza se postavlja na temelju anamneze, fizikalnog pregleda, krvne slike i pretragama koštane srži. Liječenje je simptomatsko i uzročno. Simpotmatsko uključuje suzbijanje simptoma koji se razvijaju kao posljedica anemije, leukocitopenije i trombocitopenije, a uzročno liječenje podrazumijeva liječenje poremećaja funkcije koštane srži. Poremećaj funkcije koštane srži liječi se imunosupresivnim lijekovima koji suprimiraju aktivnost našeg imunološkog sustave te alogenom transplantacijom koštane srži.

Abstract (english)

Aplastic anemia is a disease where the bone marrow is unable to produce blood cells; erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. This leads to pancytopenia, a condition when levels of all three blood cell types in the blood are low. It usually affects people at the age from 15-24, but also children under 15 and people over 60. There are two types of this disease: acquired and inherited aplastic anemia. Inherited forms are, compared to the acquired, rare. They are caused by some genetic disorders. Acquired aplastic anemia is caused by some toxins, medications and radiation that can provoke an abnormal reaction of our immune system. Signs and symptoms in aplastic anemia are associated with deficiency of three blood cell types. People who are suffering from this kind of disease have a higher risk of infection, bleeding and they are usually pale and feeling fatigue. The diagnosis is based on history, physical examination, blood count and examination of the bone marrow. Treatment of aplastic anemia includes treatment of symptoms resulting from low erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet levels and treatment of the bone marrow dysfunction. Treatment of the bone marrow dysfunction involves taking drugs that can suppress the activity of our immune system and allogeneic transplantation.

• Keywords: koštana srž; pancitopenija; alogena transplantacija
• Keywords (english): bone marrow; pancytopenia; allogeneic transplantation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:619572
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2016-04-01 09:01:05