Čimbenici koji utječu na želju studenata medicine za specijalizacijom iz obiteljske medicine

doctoral thesis

• Title (english): Factors influencing medical students in their career choice of family medicine
• Author: Jelena Ević; MBZ: 279460
• Mentor: Gordana Pavleković (mentor)
• Committee member: nije dostupno (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-06-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Public Health and Health Care
• Universal decimal classification (UDC): 61 - Medical sciences

Abstract

Brojna su istraživanja o motivaciji studenata medicine u izboru buduće specijalizacije.
Studije ističu složenost čimbenika koji na to utječu, a najčešće se ističu oni vezani uz
osobnost, sustav vrijednosti, odrednice životnog stila te položaj liječnika u društvu. Iako će
najveći broj liječnika raditi u primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti, želja za izborom tih
specijalizacija je mala. Zbog potreba u sustavu zdravstva, u svijetu se nastoji povećati interes
za obiteljsku medicina, a moguće je da su socijalne i ekonomske promjene u Hrvatskoj te
promjene u sustavu zdravstva utjecale na izbor studija medicine i želju za specijalizacijom
mladih.
Ciljevi ovog istraživanja bili su: (1) ispitati i utvrditi međuzavisnost čimbenika koji
utječu na odabir specijalizacije obiteljske medicine kao buduće profesije, (2) istražiti razlike u
namjerama za specijalizacijom iz obiteljske medicine kod studenata na početku i kraju studija
te (3) povezati promjene u sustavu zdravstva i njihov utjecaj na izbor specijalizacije iz
obiteljske medicine u desetgodišnjem razdoblju.
Radi se o retrospektivnoj studiji u desetgodišnjem periodu od akademske godine
2004./05. do 2013./14. koja je obuhvatila 2490 studenata prve godine i 1828 studenata šeste
godine Medicinskog fakulteta u Zagrebu. Instrument u istraživanju bio je validirani upitnik
koji je obuhvaćao nekoliko skupina pitanja. Uz osobne podatke, studenti su naveli motive
svog izbora studija i želju za specijalizacijom te stavove prema pojedinim specijalistima u
društvu. Pri istraživanju u potpunosti su korištena etička načela i potpuna tajnost ispitanikovih
podataka. Podaci su se analizirati deskriptivnim i kvalitativnim metodama, uz korištenje
linearne regresije.
Rezultati pokazuju da 2,9% studenata prve godine i 13% studenata završne godine
studija želi odabrati specijalizaciju iz obiteljske medicine kao budući poziv. Statistički
značajne razlike utvrđene su prema spolu (ispitanice ženskog spola češće žele biti
specijalistice obiteljske medicine), mjestu rođenja (želju za obiteljskom medicinom više
pokazuju oni koji dolaze s ruralnog područja) te prema formalnoj edukaciji roditelja
(ispitanici čini roditelji imaju nižu naobrazbu češće biraju obiteljsku medicinu). U skupini
studenata prve godine studija utvrđen je statistički značajan linearni trend porasta onih koji
izabiru obiteljsku medicinu. S druge strane, u skupini studenata šeste godine nije utvrđen
trend porasta u zadnjih deset godina.
Od istraživanja se očekuje da doprinese objašnjenju čimbenika koji utječu na izbor
specijalizacije studenata medicine, posebice obiteljske medicine. Kako je uloga Medicinskog
fakulteta slijediti potrebe prakse, rezultati mogu biti doprinos odgovoru na pitanje treba li
mijenjati izbor pristupnika za studij, i/ili kurikulum studija re-orijentirati prema
izvanbolničkoj zaštiti.

Abstract (english)

The motivation and other factors used by medical students in making their career
choices for specific medical specialties have been looked at in a number of studies in the
literature. The reasons why medical students choose their careers are complex. Factors
include lifestyle preferences, personal fit and workforce factors, including expected income,
prestige, job opportunities, longitudinal care and societal need. In many countries, lower
interest in family medicine than in other specialties is noticeable. Although most of the
students will have to work in primary health care, family medicine does not seem to be an
attractive area. Students generally believe that primary health care is not an effective area for
personal development. There are ongoing efforts to improve this situation. In Zagreb School
of Medicine this research is conducted in order to determine whether social and economic
transition, including health care reforms, influences young people motivation to choose
medical study and their career choices for medical specializations.
The aims of this research were (1) to identify different factors affecting career choice
in family medicine, (2) to define differences in career preferences students have at entry to
medical school and at the end of study and (3) to explore changes in ten-years period in their
career choice of family medicine as a first choice career option.
This is retrospective study in the period from academic year 2004./2005. to
2013./2014. and comprised 2490 first-year and 1828 six-year medical students from School of
Medicine, University of Zagreb. The pre-validated anonymous questionnaire was
administrated to students entering and finishing medical school. The questionnaire included
questions on demographic data, opinion about certain specialists in societies and their career
choice. Required data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A logistic regression was
performed using career choice (family medicine versus others) as the criterion variable and
the factors (social, demographic characteristics and motivation to choose medical study) as
predictor variables.
Results showed that 2,9% first year medical students and 13% sixth year medical
students see themselves as future family medicine specialist. Statistically higher significant
differences were found within the categories of gender (females had a higher preferences for
family medicine than males), in place of birth (born in rural areas) and parents with lower
formal education levels. The first year medical students are less interested to be family
practitioners in comparation with those who are at the end of their study. In the last ten years,
there is an increasing interest for family medicine among sixth year students.
Since School of Medicine has a social responsibility to be accountable for the health care
needs, these results could recommend whether to change the admission policies and increase
number of students choosing family medicine and/or to modify and reorient medical school
curricula towards primary health care.

• Keywords: medicina
• Keywords (english): medicine
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:245502
• Study programme: Title: Biomedicine and Health Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje biomedicine i zdravstva (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje biomedicine i zdravstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• Extent: 88 str.
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-05-05 07:35:01