Title Imunoterapija karcinoma prostate
Title (english) Immunotherapy of prostate cancer
Author Dora Tomek
Mentor Borislav Belev (mentor)
Committee member DAMIR VRBANEC (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Nikola Đaković (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Borislav Belev (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb School of Medicine (Department of Pathophysiology) Zagreb
Defense date and country 2015-07-15, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Pathophysiology
Abstract Imunoterapija tumora je kao ideja nastala još prije 100 godina, nakon otkrića da imunološki sustav, između ostalog, za zadaću ima i spriječiti razvoja i rasta tumora. Ideja je bila usmjeriti i potpomognuti imunološki sustav na borbu protiv tumorskih stanica. Tada se imunoterapija činila kao atraktivna alternativa konvencionalnim metodama liječenja, posebno zbog niskog stupnja toksičnosti. U pretkliničkim istraživanjima razvijene su brojne nove metode liječenja koje su se temeljile na principima humoralne i stanične imunosti. Nažalost, većina lijekova se nije pokazalo djelotvornima, a samo je mali broj uspio dokazati objektivnu kliničku korist u studijama faze III. Možda su najveću uspješnost u liječenju tumora, od svih oblika imunoterapije, pokazala monoklonalna protutijela (mPT). Ona se danas vrlo uspješno koriste u liječenju različitih karcinoma. Drugi oblik imunoterapije koji je pokazivao veliki potencijal su tumorska cjepiva. Ona djeluju aktivirajući T-limfocitima posredovanu staničnu imunoreakciju usmjerenu protiv tumorskih stanica. Opet su, i ovdje, mnoge kliničke studije dale nezadovoljavajuće rezultate, no ipak je jedno tumorsko cjepivo našlo svoje mjesto u smjernicama za liječenje. Radi se o Sipoleucelu-T, cjepivu od vlastitih dendritičkih stanica, koje se koristi za liječenje metastatskog karcinoma prostate rezistentnog na kastraciju (mCRPC). Ovo je bio veliki napredak u liječenju karcinoma prostate, jer, iako se raniji stadiji karcinoma prostate danas dobro liječe kirurški, radioterapijom i kompletnom androgenom blokadom (CAB), dio pacijenata napreduje u stadij mCRPC. Do prije nekoliko godina pacijenti s tim stadijem bolesti nisu imali alternativu nakon prestanka djelovanja docetaksela, prve linije terapije u mCRPC. U IMPACT studiji faze III dokazano je da Sipoleucel-T produžuje preživljenje za 4 mjeseca (25,8 vs. 21,7 mj) i zato je 2010. odobren od FDA kao prvo tumorsko cjepivo za liječenje mCRPC.
Abstract (english) Discovery of anti-tumour immunoreaction back in 19th century was groundwork for development of immunotherapy as cancer treatment. The aim was directing and improving the fight of immune system against tumour cells. Back then, immunotherapy was recognized as an attractive alternative to toxic chemotherapy, leading to the developement of numerous new drugs based on humoral and cell immunity. Unfortunately, most of these gave disappointing results in pre-clinical or early clinical research. However, we could say that monoclonal antibodies are silver lining of immunotherapy. Today, they are successfully used in treatment of various types of cancer and many other diseases and disorders. Furthermore, cancer vaccines also showed to be potentially efficient in treating cancer in pre-clinical and clinical settings. Their mechanism of action is activating T-cell mediated immune reaction against tumour cells. Although, many studies on cancer vaccines did not gave satisfying results, Sipoleucel-T was approved from FDA as first, and so far only, cancer vaccine for treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This was a great breakthrough in treatment of prostate cancer, as many patients still progress to the mCRCP stage and, until few years ago, they had no alternative after administration of decetaxel, which is the first line therapy in that stage, but very often inefficient. IMPACT study, a III phase study on 512 patients with mCRPC, led to the FDA approval in April 2010, as it proved that Sipoleucel improves overall survival for 4 months (25,8 vs. 21,7 months).
Keywords
imunoterapija
mCPRC
Sipoleucel-T
Keywords (english)
immunotherapy
mCRPC
Sipoleucel-T
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:105:433396
Study programme Title: Medicine Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2016-04-13 12:07:55