Kardiorenalni učinci novih antidijabetika

master's thesis

• Title (english): Cardiorenal effects of new antidiabetic drugs
• Author: Marko Čolak
• Mentor: Tomislav Bulum (mentor)
• Committee member: Joško Bulum (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Boško Skorić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tomislav Bulum (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-07-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract

Šećerna bolest je složen poremećaj metabolizma ugljikohidrata, proteina i lipida čija je temeljna karakteristika kronično povišena razina glukoze u krvi. Koliki je ta bolest teret za hrvatsko zdravstvo dovoljno govori podatak da je u Republici Hrvatskoj u 2022. godini, prema podacima CroDiab Registra, bilo 388.213 osoba sa šećernom bolešću. Patofiziološki, šećerna bolest nastaje kao posljedica smanjene sekrecije inzulina iz beta stanica gušterače ili zbog periferne inzulinske rezistencije. Postoje četiri osnovna oblika šećerne bolesti, a to su šećerna bolest tip 1 i tip 2, gestacijska šećerna bolest i specifični tipovi šećerne bolesti zbog drugih uzroka. Navedeni oblici šećerne bolesti prezentiraju se različitim kliničkim slikama. Liječenje šećerne bolesti provodi se regulacijom prehrane, povećanjem tjelesne aktivnosti te farmakoterapijom. Komplikacije šećerne bolesti dijele se na akutne i kronične. Kronične komplikacije rezultat su promjena na malim i velikim krvnim žilama te imaju velik utjecaj na kardiovaskularni sustav i bubrege. Kardiovaskularne komplikacije vodeći su uzrok smrti u populaciji dijabetičara, dok je dijabetička nefropatija vodeći uzrok kronične bubrežne bolesti općenito. Stoga je važno u terapijskom pristupu pacijentima s dijabetesom, osim adekvatne regulacije glikemije, smanjiti vjerojatnost nastanka neželjenih kardiovaskularnih događaja i kronične bubrežne bolesti. Navedena stanja mogu se spriječiti ili njihov razvoj usporiti primjenom kardioprotektivnih i nefroprotektivnih lijekova kao što su novi antidijabetici, preciznije agonisti GLP-1 receptora i SGLT-2 inhibitori. Brojne randomizirane kliničke studije pokazale su povoljne kardiorenalne učinke novih antidijabetika, ali i druge benefite kao što su smanjenje tjelesne mase, povoljan utjecaj na regulaciju lipida te protuupalni učinke.

Abstract (english)

Diabetes mellitus is a complex disorder of the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Its main characteristic is chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion from beta cells of the pancreas or peripheral insulin resistance. Diabetes mellitus represents a great burden to the Croatian healthcare system. In 2022, there were 388.213 people registered in Croatia as diabetics by the CroDiab register. There are four main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes and other specific types of diabetes. Different types of diabetes also have different clinical presentations. The main therapeutic approaches include diet, increased physical activity and pharmacotherapy. Complications of diabetes mellitus are divided into two main groups: acute and chronic. Chronic complications result mainly from changes in small and large blood vessels. Moreover, chronic complications have a great impact on the cardiovascular and renal systems. Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death in the population of diabetics, while diabetic nephropathy represents the leading cause of chronic kidney disease generally. Consequently, in addition to glycemic control, it is crucial to minimize the probability of cardiovascular events and chronic kidney disease during treatment. New antidiabetic drugs, like GLP-1 receptor agonists or SGLT-2 inhibitors, are cardioprotective and nephroprotective and can prevent the onset or slow down the progression of cardiovascular complications and chronic kidney disease. Numerous randomized clinical trials have shown caridiorenal benefits of new antidiabetic drugs. Also, there are other benefits of new antidiabetic drugs, like weight reduction, blood lipid management and anti-inflammatory effects.

• Keywords: šećerna bolest; kardiorenalni učinci; novi antidijabetici; agonisti GLP-1 receptora; SGLT-2 inhibitori
• Keywords (english): diabetes mellitus; cardiorenal effects; new antidiabetic drugs; GLP-1 receptor agonists; SGLT-2 inhibitors
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:126265
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-10-23 12:58:13