Hidrocefalus u novorođenčeta

master's thesis

• Title (english): Neonatal hydrocephalus
• Author: Nina Kliček
• Mentor: Dorotea Ninković (mentor)
• Committee member: Boris Filipović-Grčić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marija Jelušić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dorotea Ninković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Pediatrics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-07-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Pediatrics

Abstract

Hidrocefalus je poremećaj u kojem dolazi do povećanog nakupljanja cerebrospinalnog likvora u cerebralnim ventrikulima i/ili subarahnoidalnom prostoru i posljedične dilatacije tih prostora. U neonatalnom razdoblju se javlja u 0,3 do 0,5 na 1000 živorođene djece. Prema patogenezi nastanka hidrocefalus se dijeli na komunicirajući i nekomunicirajući ovisno o tome postoji li opstrukcija u toku cerebrospinalnog likvora. Etiologija hidrocefalusa je heterogena, a klasificira se u dvije velike kategorije - kongenitalni i stečeni. Neovisno u etiologiji, klinička slika ovog poremećaja je jednaka, a u neonatalnom razdoblju dominantan znak je makrocefalija koja označava abnormalno povećanje opsega glave jer lubanjske suture još nisu srasle. Dijagnoza se postavlja na temelju kliničke slike i neuroradioloških metoda. Metoda izbora je ultrazvuk mozga kojim se može vizualizirati dio ventrikularnog sustava kroz otvorenu veliku fontanelu bez izlaganja novorođenčeta ionizirajućem zračenju. Dijagnoza se u nekim slučajevima kongenitalnog hidrocefalusa može postaviti i prenatalno. Terapijske opcije temelje se na kirurškim metodama drenaže cerebrospinalnog likvora. Metode drenaže mogu biti privremene i trajne. U privremene metode ubrajaju se vanjska ventrikularna drenaža, ventrikulosubgalealna drenaža te ventrikularni rezervoar, a u trajne ventrikuloperitonealna drenaža, ventrikuloatrijalna drenaža, ventrikulopleuralna drenaža te endoskopska treća ventrikulostomija.

Abstract (english)

Hydrocephalus is a disorder characterized by increased accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebral ventricles and/or subarachnoid space, leading to the dilation of these spaces. In the neonatal period, it occurs in 0,3 to 0,5 per 1000 live births. Based on the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus, it is classified into communicating and non-communicating types, depending on whether there is an obstruction in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. The etiology of hydrocephalus is heterogeneous and classified into two major categories: congenital and acquired. Regardless of the etiology, the clinical presentation of hydrocephalus is similar in both cases. In the neonatal period, the predominant sign is macrocephaly, indicating an abnormally increased head circumference due to the open cranial sutures. Diagnosis is established based on the clinical presentation and neuroimaging techniques. The method of choice is brain ultrasound, which allows visualization of the ventricular system through the open anterior fontanelle without exposing the newborn to ionizing radiation. In some cases of congenital hydrocephalus, prenatal diagnosis is also possible. Therapeutic options are based on surgical methods of cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Drainage methods can be temporary or permanent. Temporary methods include external ventricular drainage, ventriculosubgaleal shunt, and ventricular reservoir, while permanent methods include ventriculoperitoneal drainage, ventriculoatrial drainage, ventriculopleural drainage, and endoscopic third ventriculostomy.

• Keywords: cerebrospinalni likvor; hidrocefalus; novorođenče
• Keywords (english): cerebrospinal fluid; hydrocephalus; newborn
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:469906
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-10-25 10:05:23