| Abstract | Uvod: COVID-19 pandemija imala je velik utjecaj na svakodnevni život u Republici Hrvatskoj. Prvi val pandemije obuhvaća razdoblje od ožujka do lipnja 2020. godine, a drugi val pandemije razdoblje od kolovoza 2020. do veljače 2021. godine. Osim toga, državu je za vrijeme prvoga vala zahvatio zagrebački potres, a za vrijeme drugoga vala petrinjski potres. Cilj: Usporedba mentalnog distresa, konzumacije psihoaktivnih tvari i promjene navika tijekom 1. i 2. vala COVID-19 pandemije, uz istraživanje prediktora distresa.
Ispitanici i metode: Ispitivanje se provodilo tijekom dva vala pandemije COVID-19 putem online upitnika. U prvome su valu prikupljeni podaci za 2375 ispitanika, u drugome za 1312 ispitanika. Korištena je Skala utjecaja COV-19 na kvalitetu života (COVID19-QoL), procjena mentalnog distresa pomoću Skale depresije, anksioznosti i stresa (DASS-21) i Upitnika o težini nesanice (ISI), Upitnik o promjenama navika i ovisničkom ponašanju, Upitnik socijalne podrške, Upitnik o načinima nošenja sa stresom (BRIEF-COPE), Skala procjene sposobnosti nošenja sa stresom (CD-RISC) i Skala procjene aleksitimije (TAS-20).
Rezultati: Mentalni distres mjeren skalama DASS i ISI u drugome valu bio je viši u odnosu na prvi (p<0.001). Pri procjeni ovisničkog ponašanja, pronašli smo statistički značajnu povećanu konzumaciju sedativa (p<0.001) i smanjenu konzumaciju alkohola (p<0.001) u drugome valu COVID-19 pandemije u odnosu na drugi. Nije postojala statistički značajna razlika za konzumaciju marihuane, psihoaktivnih supstanci i opijatskih droga, a statistički značajno smanjenje korištenja duhanskih proizvoda bilo je slabe jačine povezanosti. Prediktori za depresivnost i stress-DASS bili su manja socijalna podrška (obitelj), nezaposlenost, viša vrijednost na skali TAS i COVID-19 te manja vrijednost na skali CD-RISC-10. Prediktori su za anksioznost-DASS i insomniju bili smanjena socijalna podrška (obitelj), te viša vrijednost na skalama aleksitimije i COVID-19, a manja na skali CD-RISC-10. Dodatan je prediktor za stres-DASS i anksioznost-DASS smanjena socijalna podrška (značajni drugi).
Zaključak: Vidljiva je potreba za planiranjem sustava skrbi koji bi ojačao podršku zajednice radi smanjenja distresa u situacijama pandemije, uz njegovo prilagođavanje individualiziranim potrebama definiranim razinom vulnerabilnosti na stres. |
| Abstract (english) | Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on everyday life in Croatia. The first wave of the pandemic pertains to the period from March to June 2020, while the second wave of the pandemic refers to the period from August 2020 to February 2021. In addition, the country was affected by the Zagreb earthquake during the first wave, and the Petrinja earthquake during the second wave. Objective: Comparison of mental distress, substance abuse, and changes in habits during the first and second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with research into the predictors of distress.
Respondents and methodology: The survey was conducted during two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic through an online questionnaire. During the first wave, data was collected for 2375 respondents, while it was gathered for 1312 respondents during the second wave. The COV-19 – Impact on Quality of Life Scale (COV-19-QoL), assessment of mental distress using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), questionnaire on changes in habits and addictive behavior, questionnaire on social support, Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (BRIEF-COPE), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) were used.
Results: Mental distress measured by the DASS and ISI scales in the second value was higher compared to the first (p<0.001). When assessing substance abuse, we found a statistically significant increase of consumption of sedatives (p<0.001) and reduced alcohol consumption (p<0.001) in the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the first. There was no statistically significant difference for the consumption of marijuana, psychoactive substances, and opiate drugs, while the statistically significant reduction in the use of tobacco had a weak association. Predictors for depression-DASS and stress-DASS were lower social support (family), unemployment, a higher TAS and COVID-19 scale score, with a lower score on the CD-RISC-10 scale. Predictors for anxiety-DASS and insomnia were reduced social support (family), and a higher score on the alexithymia and COVID-19 scales, with a lower score on the CD-RISC-10 scale. An additional predictor for stress-DASS and anxiety-DASS was reduced social support (significant other).
Conclusion: There is a visible need for planning a care system that would strengthen community support to reduce distress in pandemic situations, while adapting it to individualized needs defined by the level of vulnerability to stress. |
