Oportunističke bolesti u osoba koje žive s virusom humane imunodeficijencije u državama Europske unije i Europskog gospodarskog prostora u razdoblju 2016. do 2021.

master's thesis

• Title (english): Opportunistic diseases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus in European Union and European economy area countries in the period 2016-2021
• Author: Petar Meić
• Mentor: Josip Begovac (mentor)
• Committee member: Marija Santini (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Goran Tešović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Josip Begovac (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Infectious Diseases); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-09-19, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Infectology

Abstract

Od početka HIV epidemije je zabilježeno oko 40 milijuna AIDS vezanih smrti diljem svijeta, a HIV u 2023. godini zahvaća više od 2.3 milijuna ljudi na području šire Europske regije, uključujući EU i EEU. Uvođenje antiretrovirusne terapije, opetovano i učestalo testiranje, akcelerirano liječenje pri dijagnozi i povećana dostupnost te olakšan pristup predekspozicijskoj profilaksi (PrEP) su mjere koje su znatno utjecale na stope HIV-a, AIDS-a i smrti vezanih uz AIDS. Usprkos tome, kasna dijagnoza još uvijek predstavlja izazov za javno zdravstvo, pogotovo ako uzmemo u obzir da se osobe u kasnom stadiju infekcije u zdravstvenu skrb uključuju pri prvoj oportunističkoj bolesti. Danas je broj zabilježenih AIDS vezanih smrti 69% manji nego u 2004. godini, a zahvaljujući antiretrovirusnoj terapiji, u proteklih dvadesetak godina je zabilježen pad u incidenciji oportunističkih bolesti kod osoba koje žive s HIV-om. Najčešće oportunističke bolesti u razdoblju između 2016. i 2021. godine su bile Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonija(PJP), tuberkuloza, ezofagealna kandidoza, AIDS vezano propadanje i Kaposijev sarkom. U usporedbi s prethodnim razdobljem (2010. – 2015. godina) zabilježeno je znatno manje slučajeva tuberkuloze, PJP-a i ezofagealne kandidoze, dok je do pada u broju zabilježenih slučajeva Kaposijeva sarkoma i AIDS vezanog propadanja došlo tek u razdoblju između 2019. i 2021. godine.

Abstract (english)

the beginning of the HIV epidemic, around 40 million have died of AIDS-related causes worldwide. In 2023. HIV affects over 2.3 million people living in the wider European region, including the EU and EEA. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy combined with frequent and repeated testing, accelerated treatment at diagnosis and more accessible pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEp) has significantly impacted the rates of HIV, AIDS and number of AIDS related deaths. Still, late presentation remains a public health challenge, especially considering the fact that late presenters frequently enter care at their first opportunistic illness. The number of AIDS related deaths is 69% lower than in 2004. and there has been a decline in the incidence of opportunistic diseases in people living with HIV in the post-ART era. The most frequent opportunistic illnesses during the period from 2016. to 2021. were Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), tuberculosis, esophageal candidiasis, AIDS related wasting and Kaposi's sarcoma. Compared to the period from 2010. to 2015. there has been a significant decline in the number of recorded cases of tuberculosis, PJP and esophageal candidiasis, while the number of recorded cases of Kaposi's sarcoma and AIDS related wasting fell between 2019. and 2021.

• Keywords: HIV; AIDS; oportunističke bolesti; kasna dijagnoza; antiretrovirusna terapija
• Keywords (english): HIV; AIDS; opportunistic illness; late presentation; antiretroviral therapy
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:014284
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-10-26 10:37:38