Moždana aktivnost tijekom opće anestezije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Brain activity during general anesthesia
• Author: Antonio Sviben
• Mentor: Vilena Vrbanović Mijatović (mentor)
• Committee member: Slobodan Mihaljević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dinko Tonković (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vilena Vrbanović Mijatović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care in Surgical Specialities); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-07-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Anesthesiology and Reanimatology

Abstract

Opća anestezija medicinski je postupak kojemu je cilj bolesniku oduzeti svijest, suprimirati bolne podražaje, osloboditi ga neugodnih sjećanja na postupak te po potrebi osigurati bolesnikovu nepokretnost. Bolesnik se u opću anesteziju može uvesti i održavati primjenom tvari intravenskim, inhalacijskim ili kombiniranim putem. Inhalacijski anestetici uključuju sevofluran, izofluran, desfluran i dušikov (I) oksid. Intravenski anestetici uključuju propofol, tiopental, ketamin, etomidat, a koriste... More se i benzodiazepini i opioidi, posljednji u ulozi analgetika. Mehanizam djelovanja općih anestetika većinom je nepoznat, ali smatra se da djeluje na više razina središnjeg živčanog sustava. Moždana aktivnost tijekom djelovanja anestetika može se bilježiti postupkom elektroencefalografije (EEG), kao i korištenjem funkcionalne magnetske rezonancije (fMRI). Promjene stanja svijesti nastale djelovanjem anestetika uzrokuju promjene u zapisu EEG-a koje se pojednostavljeno mogu opisati kao aktivacija ili depresija. Većina anestetika u subanestetičkim koncentracijama izazivaju aktivaciju, dok pri višim koncentracijama izazivaju depresiju ovisnu o dozi, iako su specifični učinci obrađeni kod svakog anestetika posebno. Slika stvorena pomoću fMRI-ja obrađuje se kako bi se identificirale aktivne regije mozga tijekom izvođenja određenih zadataka ili podražaja. Iako zasada nije rutinska metoda, fMRI je postala važna metoda u istraživanjima mozga zbog svoje sposobnosti pružanja detaljnih i prostorno preciznih informacija o aktivnosti mozga. Učestalije korištenje fMRI-ja u kliničkim slučajevima moglo bi proširiti znanje o utjecaju anestetika na moždanu aktivnost što bi u budućnosti moglo utjecati na primjenu istih kod bolesnika. Less

Abstract (english)

General anesthesia is a medical procedure aimed at depriving a patient of consciousness, suppressing painful stimuli, relieving the patient of unpleasant memories of the procedure, and, if necessary, ensuring the patient's immobility. General anesthesia can be induced and maintained by intravenous, inhalation, or combined methods. Inhalation anesthetics include sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane, and nitrous oxide. Intravenous anesthetics include propofol, thiopental, ketamine, etomidate,... More as well as benzodiazepines and opioids, with the latter acting as analgesics. The mechanism of action of general anesthetics is mostly unknown, but it is believed to act at multiple levels of the central nervous system. Brain activity during the action of anesthetics can be recorded using electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Changes in the state of consciousness caused by anesthetics lead to changes in the EEG recording, which can be simplified as activation or depression. Most anesthetics at subanesthetic concentrations cause activation, while at higher concentrations, they cause dose-dependent depression, although specific effects are discussed individually for each anesthetic. The fMRI image processing is used to identify active brain regions during specific tasks or stimuli. Although not yet a routine method, fMRI has become an important tool in brain research due to its ability to provide detailed and spatially precise information about brain activity. More frequent use of fMRI in clinical cases could expand our knowledge of the impact of anesthetics on brain activity, which could influence their future application in patients. Less

• Keywords: opća anestezija; EEG; fMRI; moždana aktivnost
• Keywords (english): general anesthesia; EEG; fMRI; brain activity
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:230095
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-11-02 09:34:26