| Title | Alergijska reakcija tijekom anestezije |
| Title (english) | Allergic reaction during anesthesia |
| Author | Marija Šantek |
| Mentor | Tomislav Radočaj (mentor) |
| Committee member | Marinko Vučić (predsjednik povjerenstva) |
| Committee member | Dinko Tonković (član povjerenstva) |
| Committee member | Tomislav Radočaj (član povjerenstva) |
| Granter | University of Zagreb
School of Medicine
(Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care in Surgical Specialities)
Zagreb |
| Defense date and country | 2023-07-13, Croatia |
Scientific / art field,
discipline and subdiscipline | BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE
Clinical Medical Sciences
Anesthesiology and Reanimatology |
| Abstract | Alergijske reakcije su pretjerani ili neprikladan imunološki odgovori na antigen ili alergen. Postoje četiri glavne vrste alergijskih reakcija koje uključuju humoralnu ili stanično posredovanu imunost. Reakcije se mogu javiti tijekom prve epizode anestezije, najčešće kod uvoda u opću anesteziju. Iako alergijske reakcije nisu česta pojava, njihov tijek je ozbiljan i opasan po život. Po život opasan oblik alergijske reakcije je anafilaksija. Najčešći simptomi alergijske reakcije su kožni, respiratorni i kardiovaskularni. Neuromuskularni blokatori (NMB) kao što su suksametonij, atrakurij i rokuronij smatraju se skupinom lijekova koji će najvjerojatnije izazvati anafilaksiju. Lateks je drugi najčešći uzrok anafilaksije. Anafilaksija izazvana lateksom može se pojaviti u različitim situacijama, a sve uključuju izravan kontakt s lateksom ili s aerosolom lateks antigena koji se zalijepio za prah rukavica od lateksa. Rizik od alergijske reakcije uvelike varira između različitih antibiotika. Neke skupine, kao što su beta-laktami, mogu izazvati trenutne i odgođene reakcije. Reakcije na opioidne analgetike obično su uzrokovane izravnim otpuštanjem medijatora mastocita, a ne mehanizmima ovisnim o IgE. Intravenski i lokalni anestetici, koloidi i krvni pripravci rjeđi su uzroci alergijskih reakcija. Liječenje anafilaktičkih reakcija koje se javljaju tijekom opće anestezije slično je liječenju anafilaksije u drugim situacijama. Liječenje uključuje prekid davanja lijeka za kojeg sumnjamo da je mogući uzročnik, respiratornu i kardiovaskularnu potporu te primjenu adrenalina, antihistaminika i kortikosteroidnih lijekova. Nedostatak odgovarajuće dijagnoze može dovesti do potencijalno smrtonosnog ponovnog izlaganja istom agensu. Vrlo je važno identificirati i potvrditi lijek koji je mogao izazvati reakciju pomoću ,,in vitro'' ili ,,in vivo'' testova. |
| Abstract (english) | Allergic reactions are exaggerated or inappropriate immune responses to an antigen or allergen. There are four main types of allergic reactions which include humoral or cell-mediated immunity. Reactions may occur during the first episode of anesthesia, most frequently in the induction of general anesthesia. Although allergic reactions are not frequent events, their courses are unfortunately serious and life-threatening. The most severe form of an allergic reaction is anaphylaxis. The most prevalent symptoms of an allergic reaction are cutaneous, respiratory, and cardiovascular. Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) such as suxamethonium, atracurium and rocuronium, are consistently implicated as the group of drugs most likely to cause anaphylaxis. Latex is the second most common cause of anaphylaxis. Latex-induced anaphylaxis may occur in a variety of situations, all involving direct contact with latex, or with aerosolization of latex antigen adherent to the powder of latex gloves. The risk of an allergic reaction varies widely between different antibiotics. Some classes, such as beta-lactams, can cause both immediate and delayed reactions. Reactions to opioid analgesics are usually caused by direct mast cell mediator release, rather than IgE-dependent mechanisms. Intravenous and local anesthetics, colloids and blood products are less common causes of allergic reactions. The management of anaphylactic reactions that occur during general anesthesia is similar to the management of anaphylaxis in other situations. The treatment includes discontinuation of the presumptive drug, respiratory and cardiovascular support and administration of epinephrine, antihistamine and corticosteroids. The lack of an adequate diagnosis could lead to a potentially fatal re-exposure to the same agent. It is very important to identify and confirm the offending drug using ,,in vitro’’ or ,,in vivo’’ tests. |
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| Language | croatian |
| Study programme | Title: Medicine
Study programme type: university
Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate
Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine) |
| Type of resource | Text |
| File origin | Born digital |
| Access conditions | Open access |
| Terms of use |  |
| Created on | 2023-11-02 09:40:58 |
