| Abstract | Hitna stanja u ginekologiji predstavljaju akutne medicinske situacije koje zahtijevaju promptnu intervenciju radi očuvanja života i zdravlja pacijentice. Ova stanja mogu biti iznenadna i potencijalno životno ugrožavajuća, zbog čega je nužno pravodobno i ispravno postavljanje dijagnoze te adekvatno liječenje, koje ponekad podrazumijeva i kiruršku intervenciju.
Širok je spektar uzroka, među kojima su neki podrijetla drugih organskih sustava, što predstavlja svojevrsni izazov.
Klinička slika hitnih stanja u ginekologiji može varirati ovisno o specifičnom stanju, ali neki od najčešćih simptoma su krvarenje, bol i pojačan vaginalni iscjedak. Njima pridruženi simptomi mogu biti visoka temperatura, jaka mučnina, povraćanje ili vrtoglavica, poteškoće s defekacijom i mokrenjem, potom promjene u fizikalnom nalazu i vitalnim parametrima te brojni drugi.
Najprikladnije dijagnostičke metode, koje će omogućiti preciznu dijagnozu i odgovarajuće liječenje, temelje se na simptomima i kliničkoj slici. U obradi se koristimo analizom krvi i mokraće, transvaginalnim ultrazvučnim pregledom, radiološkim pretragama te kirurškom eksploracijom.
Hitna se stanja mogu javiti u svim dobnim skupinama. Torzija jajnika, rupturirana cista jajnika ili obilno krvarenje iz maternice jedni su od učestalijih hitnih stanja adolescentne dobi. Žene u dobi od 20 do 40 godina mogu biti podložne širokom spektru hitnih stanja, od prethodno navedenih do akutnih infekcija reproduktivnog sustava. U postmenopauzalnih pacijentica se diferencijalno dijagnostički mora uzeti u obzir zloćudni proces. Rizik pojave hitnih ginekoloških stanja može ovisiti o raznim čimbenicima, kao što su rani početak menstruacije i kasni početak menopauze, prethodne operacije ili ozljede, spolno prenosive bolesti te brojni drugi. Sukladno tome pristup pacijentici mora biti individualiziran. |
| Abstract (english) | Emergency conditions in gynaecology represent acute medical situations that require prompt intervention to preserve the life and health of the patient. These conditions can be sudden and potentially life-threatening, which is why timely and accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are necessary, sometimes including surgical intervention.
There is a wide range of causes, some of which originate from other organic systems, presenting a kind of challenge.
The clinical presentation of emergency gynaecological conditions can vary depending on the specific condition, but some of the most common symptoms are bleeding, pain, and increased vaginal discharge. Associated symptoms may include high temperature, severe nausea, vomiting or dizziness, difficulty with bowel movements and urination, as well as changes in physical findings and vital parameters, among others.
The most appropriate diagnostic methods, which will enable accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, are based on symptoms and the clinical picture. Blood and urine analysis, transvaginal ultrasound examination, radiological tests, and surgical exploration are used in the evaluation.
Emergency conditions can occur in all age groups. Ovarian torsion, ruptured ovarian cysts, or heavy uterine bleeding are some of the more common emergency conditions in adolescence. Women between the ages of 20 and 40 can be susceptible to a wide range of emergency conditions, from those mentioned earlier to acute infections of the reproductive system. In postmenopausal patients, differential diagnosis should consider a malignant process. The risk of developing emergency gynaecological conditions may depend on various factors such as early onset of menstruation and late onset of menopause, previous surgeries or injuries, sexually transmitted diseases, and numerous others. Accordingly, the approach to the patient must be individualized. |
