Modeliranje funkcionalnih i morfoloških sastavnica sinapse, neurona i neuronskih mreža

master's thesis

• Title (english): Modelling of functional and morphological properties of synapses, neurons and neuronal networks
• Author: Mario Zelić
• Mentor: Dinko Smilović (mentor)
• Committee member: Goran Šimić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zdravko Petanjek (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dinko Smilović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Physiology and Immunology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-07-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Basic Medical Sciences; Human Physiology

Abstract

Neuroni su gradivni dijelovi našeg živčanog sustava, i odgovorni su za prijenos električnih i kemijskih signala u cijelom tijelu, omogućujući komunikaciju i obradu informacija. Neuroni se međusobno spajaju sinapsama u neuronske mreže koje svaka ima svoju funkciju koju obavlja u živčanom sustavu. Modeli su skupovi pretpostavki koji predstavljaju neki sustav, a njihova vrijednost je stvaranje novog znanja koje može predvidjeti rezultate eksperimenata ili potvrditi razumijevanje raznih fenomena u sustavima. Modeli mogu podrazumijevati modelne organizme poput vinskih mušica ili miševa, a mogu biti i računalni programi koji simuliraju molekularne procese. Povijest modeliranja u neuroznanosti seže još od sredine 20. stoljeća kada su Hodgkin i Huxley opisali model aksona divovske lignje i tako otkrili tajne prijenosa akcijskog potencijala duž neurona. Proučavanjem živčano-mišićnih spojnica razotkrili su se mehanizmi prijenosa električnih impulsa kroz sinapse. Promatranjem kolumnarnog ustroja vizualne kore došlo se do saznanja o neuronskim mrežama i uzorcima njihovih aktivnosti. Napretkom tehnologije omogućeno je modeliranje velikog broja neurotransmitera u sinapsama, neurona s velikim brojem odjeljaka i različitim ionskim kanalima, neuronskih mreža s velikim populacijama i velikog broja bioloških i umjetnih neuronskih morfologija. Na kraju, integracijom morfoloških i funkcionalnih modela u jednom alatu omogućeno je dobivanje novih znanja koje nam omogućuju rješavanje misterija sinapsi, neurona i neuronskih mreža.

Abstract (english)

Neurons are the constituent parts of our nervous system whose function is to transmit electrical and chemical signals, allowing the communication and processing of information throughout the body. Neurons connect among themselves through synapses to make neuronal networks, where each has its own function in the nervous system. Models are sets of assumptions about a system, and their worth is in the generation of new knowledge that can be used to predict experimental results or confirm understanding of phenomena in a system. Models can be thought of in terms of model animals like fruit flies or mice, or they can be thought of as computer programs modelling molecular processes. The history of modelling in neuroscience goes back to the mid-20th century, when Hodgkin and Huxley described the giant squid axon model and uncovered the secrets of action potential propagation. Studying the neuromuscular junction uncovered the secrets of synaptic transmission of electric impulses. Exploring the columnar organization of the visual cortex yielded the discovery of neuronal networks and patterns of their activity. With the advance of technology, it became possible to simulate a large number of neurotransmitters in synapses, neurons with numerous compartments and ion channels, neuronal networks with large populations, and vast amounts of biological and artificial neuronal morphologies. By integrating morphological and functional models into one tool, the acquisition of new knowledge is enabled, which can help in solving the mysteries of synapses, neurons, and neuronal networks.

• Keywords: modeliranje neurona; sinapsa; neuron; neuronske mreže; morfologija neurona
• Keywords (english): neuron modelling; synapse; neuron; neuronal network; neuron morphology
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:951468
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-11-02 12:36:41