Akutne komplikacije tijekom postupka hemodijalize

master's thesis

• Title (english): Acute complications during haemodialysis
• Author: Petra Paušić
• Mentor: Nikolina Bašić Jukić (mentor)
• Committee member: Ingrid Prkačin (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Jakopović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nikolina Bašić Jukić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-26, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences

Abstract

Hemodijaliza je postupak nadomještanja bubrežne funkcije te se primjenjuje i kod
akutnog i kod kroničnog oštećenja bubrega. Bubreg ima brojne funkcije u organizmu,
a glavne su mu: uklanjanje viška tekućine i uklanjanje otpadnih produkata
metabolizma. Kronična bubrežna bolest jedan je od vodećih javnozdravstvenih
problema, a završni stadij bubrežne bolesti doživljava sve više bolesnika. Najčešći
način nadomještanja bubrežne funkcije koji održava bolesnika na životu je
hemodijaliza. Hemodijaliza je specifičan postupak i uključuje izvantjelesnu cirkulaciju,
a samim time uvijek postoji rizik za razvoj akutnih i kroničnih komplikacija. Postupak
hemodijalize zahtjeva intenzivno prisustvo medicinske sestre uz bolesnika. Upravo iz
tog razloga medicinska sestra je prva koja prepoznaje akutne komplikacije
hemodijalize kod bolesnika, prevenira njihov nastanak te ukoliko ipak dođe do pojave
istih pravovremeno intervenira i obavještava liječnika. Pojava akutnih komplikacija
tijekom postupka hemodijalize danas je veoma rijetka, zahvaljujući modernim
aparatima za hemodijalizu sa brojnim sigurnosnim značajkama, ali i poznavanjem
uzroka komplikacija i preventivnim djelovanjem na njih medicinske sestre uvelike
smanjuju pojavnost komplikacija. Neke najčešće akutne komplikacije su:
intradijalitička hipotenzija, grčevi te mučnina i povraćanje. U jedinici za hemodijalizu
trebale bi raditi samo visoko obrazovane medicinske sestre sa kontinuiranom
edukacijom iz područja nefrologije. Praćenjem najnovijih smjernica i primjenom istih u
skrbi za nefrološke bolesnike medicinske sestre pružaju najadekvatniju zdravstvenu
njegu te podižu kvalitetu života bolesnika liječenih hemodijalizom.

Abstract (english)

Hemodialysis is a procedure to replace kidney function and is used in
acute and chronic kidney injuries. The kidney has numerous functions in
the body, the main ones being: the removal of excess fluid and the
removal of waste products of metabolism. Chronic kidney disease is one
of the leading public health problems, and more and more patients
experience the end stage of kidney disease. Hemodialysis is the most
common way of replacing kidney function that keeps the patient alive.
Hemodialysis is a specific procedure involving extracorporeal
circulation; therefore, there is always a risk for the development of
acute and chronic complications. The hemodialysis procedure requires the
intensive presence of a nurse with the patient. It is precisely for this
reason that the nurse is the first to recognize acute complications of
hemodialysis in patients, prevent their occurrence, and if they do
occur, intervene on time and inform the doctor. The occurrence of acute
complications during the hemodialysis procedure is sporadic today,
thanks to modern hemodialysis machines with numerous safety features. By
knowing the causes of complications and taking preventive action against
them, nurses significantly reduce the occurrence of complications. Some
of the most common acute complications are intradialytic hypotension,
cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Only highly educated nurses with
continuing education in the field of nephrology should work in the
hemodialysis unit. By following the latest guidelines and applying them
in the care of nephrology patients, nurses provide adequate health care
and improve the quality of life of patients treated with hemodialysis.

• Keywords: hemodijaliza; akutne komplikacije hemodijalize; uloga nefroloških medicinskih sestra
• Keywords (english): hemodialysis; acute complications of hemodialysis; role of nephrology nurses
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:820720
• Study programme: Title: Studies in Nursing; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra sestrinstva (magistar/magistra sestrinstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-02-21 13:00:21