Title Patologija multiple skleroze
Title (english) Pathology of multiple sclerosis
Author Nina Krajcar
Mentor Kamelija Žarković (mentor)
Committee member Danijela Kolenc (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Slavko Gašparov (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Kamelija Žarković (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb School of Medicine (Department of Pathology) Zagreb
Defense date and country 2014-07-15, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Pathology
Abstract Multipla skleroza (MS) je kronična autoimunosna demijelinizirajuća bolest središnjeg živčanog sustava (CNS) karakterizirana različitim neurološkim simptomima. Napredovanje bolesti u konačnici može dovesti do teške invalidnosti. Najčešće se javlja u mlađoj odrasloj populaciji i većinom zahvaća žene. Iako uzrok MS ostaje nepoznat, sigurno je da genetički čimbenici i čimbenici okoliša imaju bitnu ulogu u njenoj etiologiji. Patološki, MS je karakterizirana multifokalnim demijelinizirajućim lezijama unutar CNS-a. Iako su neke lezije smještene u sivoj tvari, većina ih zahvaća bijelu tvar velikog mozga, i to najčešće optičke živce, moždano deblo, kralježničnu moždinu kao i periventrikularna područja. Prema histološkim kriterijima, lezije su podijeljene na akutne, kronične aktivne i kronične inaktivne plakove. Na histološkim preparatima uočena je upalna infiltracija unutar plakova koja se sastoji od T limfocita, B limfocita i makrofaga. Nedavna istraživanja otkrila su veliku varijabilnost između lezija različitih bolesnika s obzirom na opsežnost upale, patologiju oligodendrocita i neuroaksonalno oštećenje. Demijelinizacija, praćena različitim stupnjem demijelinizacije, povezana je s gubitkom oligodendrocita tijekom kasnijeg stadija bolesti. Bitne patološke značajke MS jesu i oštećenje aksona zajedno s gliozom i proliferacijom astrocita. Postoji više dokaza koji upućuju na neuroaksonalno oštećenje kao ključnu značajku lezija u MS s velikim utjecajem na nastanak trajnog neurološkog deficita. Zaključno, u zadnjih nekoliko godina došlo je do značajnog napretka laboratorijskih i slikovnih metoda korištenih u istraživanju MS koje su doprinijele boljem razumijevanju imunopatogeneze, patologije i etiologije ove bolesti.
Abstract (english) Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) manifested by heterogeneous group of neurological symptoms. Progression of disease may eventually lead to severe disability. It is more common in young adults, while females are predominantly affected. Although etiology of MS remains unknown, it is certain that genetic and environmental factors play important roles. Pathologically, MS is characterized by multifocal demyelinated inflammatory lesions of the CNS. Although some lesions do appear in grey matter, most lesions appear in the white matter of the brain, most notably in the optic nerves, the brainstem, the spinal cord and in the periventricular zones. According to histologic criteria, the CNS lesions in MS are classified as acute, chronic active and chronic inactive plaques. On histological sections these plaques exert an inflammatory infiltrate consisting of T cells, B cells and macrophages. However, recent histopathological studies of MS lesions revealed a great variability within lesions of different subjects with respect to the extent of inflammation, oligodendrocyte pathology and neuroaxonal injury. Demyelination, followed by a variable degree of remyelination, is associated with oligodendrocyte loss during the chronic stage of the disease. Axonal loss and gliosis with astrocyte proliferation and glial fiber production are also important pathologic features of MS. There is an increasing evidence that neuroaxonal damage is a key feature in MS lesions and that it has a major impact on permanent neurologic deficits. Hence, in the past few years an increasing improvement of laboratory and imaging approaches to study MS lead to a better understanding of the immuno-pathogenesis, pathology and etiology of this severe disease.
Keywords
multipla skleroza
patologija
demijelinizacija
plak
Keywords (english)
multiple sclerosis
pathology
demyelination
plaque
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:105:476721
Study programme Title: Medicine Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2015-10-05 11:34:14