Radiološki postupci u trudnica

master's thesis

• Title (english): Radiological procedures of pregnant women
• Author: Alen Piralić
• Mentor: Gordana Ivanac (mentor)
• Committee member: Dinka Pavičić-Baldani (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Milan Radoš (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Gordana Ivanac (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Radiology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Radiology

Abstract

Čovjek je svakodnevno izložen ionizirajućem zračenju. Dok je doza primljena zbog pozadinskog šuma uvjetovana geološkim obilježjima nekog područja, doza primljena iz medicinskih izvora ovisi o stručnosti i razboritosti liječnika. Posebnu pažnju treba posvetiti bolesnicima koji su u reproduktivnoj dobi te trudnicama, budući da ionizirajuće zračenje može izazvati mutacije genoma spolnih stanica, zametka ih ploda, te imati brojne neželjene posljedice. Liječnici su i zakonski odgovorni za svako izlaganje bolesnika radiološkim pretragama koje koriste ionizirajuće zračenje, stoga trebaju dobro poznavati dijagnostičke uređaje i osobine svake pretrage. Određene bolesti i nesretni slučajevi u trudničkoj populaciji zahtijevaju podvrgavanje dijagnostičkim pretragama koje koriste ionizirajuće zračenje. U radu se razmatraju sigurnost, opravdanost izlaganja trudnica ionizirajućem zračenju u dijagnostičke svrhe te njegove nepovoljne posljedice za samu trudnoću. U tom pogledu se posebno razmatraju učestalost pobačaja, prirođenih malformacija, duševne zaostalosti, zastoja u rastu te zloćudnih bolesti kao neželjenih posljedica ionizirajućeg zračenja. Doze kojima se trudnice izlažu pri pojedinim pretragama uspoređuju se s graničnim dozama koje dokazano štetno djeluju na zdravlje i razvoj ploda. Pored razmatranja radiološke obrade trudnica konvencionalnim metodama, osvrnut ću se i na dijagnostičke metode dijaskopije i računalne tomografije. U radu ću se osvrnuti i na konkretne slučajeve kada je trudnice neizbježno podvrgnuti manje bezazlenim pretragama ili terapijskim postupcima.

Abstract (english)

Not a day passes by without people being exposed to ionizing radiation. While the dose absorbed because of the background radiation is determined by geological characteristics of some area, the dose absorbed due to medical reasons is entirely determined by physician's competence and prudence. Patients of reproductive age and pregnant women require special attention when a radiological examination is considered, because ionizing radiation can cause mutations in the gametes or in embryo or fetus cells, and therefore have numerous negative effects. Physicians are also responsible for every exposure to ionizing radiation according to the law. so they should be very professional about indicating radiological examinations and therapeutic procedures. Certain illnesses and unfortunate events among pregnant women require prompt examination which uses ionizing radiation for its diagnostic purpose. This thesis deals with safety, justifiability and unwanted sequels of ionizing radiation exposure during pregnancy, with special emphasis on the occurrence of spontaneous abortions, birth defects, growth restriction, mental retardation and malignant diseases. Doses to which pregnant women are exposed during specific examinations are compared to threshold doses, which are proven to have a negative effect on a fetus health and development. Besides discussing conventional radiological examinations, special regard is given to barium x-ray procedure and computed tomography. The thesis discusses some specific cases when the use of less innocuous procedures was inevitable.

• Keywords: ionizirajuće zračenje; trudnice; trudnoća; zdravlje ploda
• Keywords (english): ionizing radiation; pregnant women; pregnancy; fetus health
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:156051
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2016-08-12 08:54:46