Bolničke infekcije u jedinici intenzivnog liječenja

master's thesis

• Title (english): Nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit
• Author: Ivana Blažević
• Mentor: Mladen Perić (mentor)
• Committee member: Ante Sekulić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: DINKO TONKOVIĆ (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mladen Perić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care in Surgical Specialities); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2014-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Anesthesiology and Reanimatology

Abstract

Infekcije nastale tijekom hospitalizacije definiraju se kao bolničke ili nozokomijalne
infekcije. To su infekcije koje se razvijaju 48 do 72 sata od hospitalizacije. Značajan su
zdravstveni i financijski problem u gotovo svim bolnicama u svijetu. Bolnička pneumonija
je nakon urinarnih infekcija drugi najčešći oblik bolničke infekcije i vodeći uzrok smrtnosti.
Najučestalija komplikacija u jedinicama intenzivnog liječenja je pneumonija uzrokovana
ventilatorom (VAP). Učestalost ovih infekcija u bolesnika liječenih u jedinicama intenzivnog
liječenja kreće se od 20 do 70%, od čega se 80% odnosi na bolesnike na mehaničkoj
ventilaciji koja se svakodnevno rutinski provodi u jedinicama intenzivnog liječenja.
Pneumonija uzrokovana ventilatorom (VAP) definirana je kao nozokomijalna pneumonija u
bolesnika koji su na mehaničkoj ventilaciji duže od 48 sati. Bolesnik na respiratoru ima 6 do
21 puta veću mogućnost za razvijanje upale pluća od bolesnika koji nije na mehaničkoj
ventilaciji. Razvoj VAP-a produžuje boravak bolesnika u JIL-u i bolnici te značajno povisuje
troškove liječenja. Kod bolesnika koji razviju VAP do sedam puta se povećava broj dana na
mehaničkoj ventilaciji te se udvostručuje duljina boravka u bolnici. Nastanak VAP-a
nemoguće je u potpunosti spriječiti, ali pravilnom prevencijom i liječenjem može se smanjiti.

Abstract (english)

The infections occurred during hospitalization are called hospital or nosocomial infections.
These are the infections that develop 48 to 72 hours after hospitalization. They are a
significant health and financial problem in almost all hospitals of the world. Hospital
pneumonia is the second most common form of hospital infection, after urinary tract
infections, and the leading cause of mortality. The most common complication in intensive
care units is ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP). The frequency of these infections, in
patients treated in intensive care units, ranges from 20 to 70%, of which 80% are related to
patients on mechanical ventilation, which is routinely carried out daily, in intensive care
units. Ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) is defined as nosocomial pneumonia in
patients who are on mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. A patient on a respirator
is 6 to 21 times more likely to develop pneumonia, than the patients who are not on
mechanical ventilation. The development of VAP prolonges patient's hospital time, time in
the ICU, and significantly increases the cost of the treatments. In patients who develop VAP,
the number of days on mechanical ventilation increases up to seven times, and the length of
hospital stay is doubled. It is impossible to completely prevent the occurrence of VAP, but
with proper prevention and treatment, it can be reduced.

• Keywords: bolnička ili nozokomijalna infekcija; pneumonija uzrokovana ventilatorom; jedinica intenzivnog liječenja
• Keywords (english): hospital or nosocomial infection; ventilator-associated pneumonia; intensive care unit
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:289464
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2015-10-06 08:09:43