Poremećaji pigmentacije i diskromije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Pigmentation disorders and dyschromias
• Author: Matilda Čoga
• Mentor: ALEKSANDRA BASTA-JUZBAŠIĆ (mentor)
• Committee member: Romana Čeović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Krešimir Kostović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: ALEKSANDRA BASTA-JUZBAŠIĆ (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Dermatology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-09-25, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Dermatovenerology

Abstract

Boja kože odraz je mješavine četiriju pigmenata: endogeno stvorenog smeđeg melanina, egzogenoga žutog karotena te reduciranoga plavog i oksidiranoga crvenog hemoglobina. Glavna determinanta boje kože je melanin. Sinteza melanina odvija se u melanocitima, stanicama podrijetlom iz neuralnog grebena, koje se nalaze u bazalnom sloju epidermisa. U citoplazmi melanocita nalaze se specifični organeli – melanosomi, u kojima se sintetizira i usklađuje melanin. Poremećaji pigmentacije klasificiramo u hiperpigmentacije i hipopigmentacije. Kad govorimo o poremećajima često ubrajamo i diskromije koje nastaju odlaganjem pigmenata u kožu, isključujući melanin. Postoji oko 3000 vrsta bolesti kože. Za dijagnozu hipermelanoze i hipomelanoze važna je anamneza: utvrđivanje njihova nastanka pri porođaju, u dječjoj ili odrasloj dobi, naslijeđa, profesije, primjene lijekova, te detaljan pregled boje kože, dlaka i očiju. Određuje se veličina, broj, oblik, smještaj promjene; preporučuje se primjena Woodove svjetiljke, a po potrebi i histološka analiza lezija, te utvrđivanje anomalija drugih organa, elektronska mikroskopija i molekularna analiza. Cilj ovog rada je opisati i predočiti najvažnije i najčešće promjene pigmentacije, kao i način liječenja. Također je predana važnost i psihološkoj komponenti koju poremećaji pigmentacije uzrokuju kod pojedinaca.

Abstract (english)

Skin color is characterized by four pigments: endogenous brown melanin, exogenous yellow carotene, reduced blue and oxygenated red hemoglobin. The main feature of skin color is melanin. Melanin synthesis takes place inside the melanocytes. Melanocytes are cells which originate from the neural plate. These are located in the basal layer of epidermis. Melanocytes are located inside melanosomes, which are specific organelles in which melanin is synthetised. Pigmentation disorders are classified into hyperpigmentations and hypopigmentations. Often also classified as pigment disorders are dyschromias, which are caused by depositation of pigment, melanin not included. There are approximately 3000 different types of skin diseases. In setting the diagnosis of hypermelanosis and hypomelanosis a great importance is given to medical history: it is important to assess the onset of the disease, whether it was during birth, childhood or adulthood, whether it was inherited, caused by profession; detailed physical examination of skin, hair and eye color is also important. Size, number, shape and position of the dyspigmentation is determined; it is advised to use Wood's lamps, and if necessary histological analysis. Determining if other organ anomalies are present is also potentially needed, followed by electronic microskopy and molecular analysis. The aim of this paper is to classify the most common skin pigmentation disorders, as to assess the main treatment methods. A great emphasis is also made on the importance of phychological aspects of these disorders.

• Keywords: poremećaji pigmentacije; hiperpigmentacije; hipopigmentacije; diskromije
• Keywords (english): pigmentation disorder; hyperpigmentation; hypopigmentation; dyscromia
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:886835
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2016-11-23 13:20:52