Visceralna lišmanioza

master's thesis

• Title (english): Visceral leishmaniasis
• Author: Marta Hrastić
• Mentor: Neven Papić (mentor)
• Committee member: Marko Kutleša (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Goran Tešović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Neven Papić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Infectology

Abstract

Visceralna lišmanioza spada u zanemarene tropske bolesti (eng. NTD, Neglected tropical disease) i gorući je javnozdravstveni problem u slabije razvijenim zemljama. Još se naziva i kala-azar, odnosno crna bolest na hindski, jer može dovesti do crnosivog obojenja kože. Budući da neliječena uzrokuje smrtnonost u preko 95% slučajeva, liječenje bolesti je imperativ. Posebnu problematiku predstavlja dermalna sekvela bolesti pod nazivom post kala-azar dermalna lišmanioza. Naime, nakon izliječene visceralne lišmanioze moguć je razvoj dermalnih simptoma s odmakom koji varira od nekoliko mjeseci do par godina. Nije u potpunosti jasno nastaje li kao posljedica perzistencije parazita ili reinfekcije, no pacijenti s ovim oblikom bolesti predstavljaju važan izvor infekcije i time otežavaju eliminaciju bolesti. Osim toga, bilježi se i porast HIV-VL koinfekcije koju karakteriziraju učestali relapsi i slabiji odgovor na terapiju. Iako je u nekim zemljama postignut značajan napredak u kontroli bolesti, klimatske promjene, siromaštvo i brojne migracije pogoduju opstanku Leishmania spp., stoga su potrebni daljnji napori ne bi li se spriječilo širenje bolesti i uspostavila kontrola u endemskim zemljama.

Abstract (english)

Visceral leishmaniasis is categorized as a neglected tropical disease (NTD) and represents critical public health issue in less developed countries. It is also known as kala-azar, or black sickness in Hindi, because it can lead to black or gray discoloration of the skin. Due to the fact that untreated cases result in a mortality rate of over 95%, treating the disease is a necessity. Another important issue is the dermal sequela of the disease called post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. After being cured of visceral leishmaniasis, dermal symptoms may develop, with an onset ranging from several months to a few years. It is still not clear whether this occurs as a result of persistent parasites or reinfection, but patients with this form of the disease represent an important source of infection and consequently complicating efforts to eliminate the disease. Moreover, rises in HIV-VL co-infection are being recorded, recognizible by frequent relapses and a poor outcome to treatment. Although meaningful progress has been made in some countries in controlling the disease, climate change, poverty, and numerous migrations favor the survival of Leishmania spp., further efforts are needed in order to stop the spreading of the disease and for gaining control over the disease in endemic countries.

• Keywords: NTD; kala-azar; PKDL; HIV-VL; endemske zemlje
• Keywords (english): NTD; kala-azar; PKDL; HIV-VL; endemic countries
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:460585
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-07-02 08:13:58